Dam break is series phenomenon that can result in fatal consequences and loss of properties. Unfortunately, the observed consequences can only be available after the dam breaks. Therefore, it is important to anticipate what will happen prior to dam break to issue suitable warning and locate the possible risk areas. This study attempts to simulate the case of dam break in Blue Nile at Roseires dam and see its consequences downstream. Roseires dam lies at a distance of 630 km south of Khartoum, Sennar dam lies at about 260 km downstream of Roseires dam. In this study hydraulic model is developed based of Hydraulic Engineering Centre (HEC), River Analysis System (RAS), and HEC- RAS. The HEC-RAS based model is calibrated and validated using observed data of the Blue Nile for several flood years. The calibrated and validated model is used to analyze the impact of flood wave due to dam break failure of Roseires dam to provide the following information: the maximum discharge, the maximum water level, the maximum velocity, the velocity and depth profiles, the flooding extent, etc. Several dam break scenarios that cover the possible failure modes were considered and the scenario that gives the worst situation is present in this paper. Piping is considered as failure mode with different failure parameters. It was found that failure of Roseires dam result in overtopping failure of Sennar dam due to the inability of the Sennar reservoir and dam to withstand the flood wave. The results also indicated that the maximum flood wave resulting from the failure of Roseires dam reaches Khartoum in 4, 6, 7 and 9 days when the maximum flow is 33105, 14724, 13249 and 12443 m3/s respectively the cities (Roseires, Sennar, Wad Medani and Khartoum ). The respective water surface level of flood wave is 481.01, 428.37 and 382.5 m in Roseires, Sennar and Khartoum and the wave speed at Khartoum is 8.97 m/s.
The article reflects the results of the analysis of the use of metaphors as one of the main means used by Lyudmila Ulitskaya when writing the novel “Sincerely Yours Shurik” to form the image of the main hero in the novel. The main purpose of the article is to consider metaphors, which helped the author to form the image of the main character Shurik in the text space through the stages of his life path, closely related to the people around him, who is always happy to be useful (hence the title "Sincerely Yours"), among which the female images of his relatives, girlfriends and others stand out as a special layer in the narrative. And in the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: the metaphors that make up the image of the
... Show MoreThe Organizational Transparency is regarded one of the effective means in the attempts of the restoration and working to prevent the corruption and reduce the negative managerial economic social and political effects.
Accordingly, this study aims at importance of performing an explorative analytical study in order to stand on the effect of the Organizational Transparency in the reduction of environment of Iraqi Organizations.
To achieve this study, three hypotheses were chosen; the first is the correlation relation and the second is the effect and the third is the differences, and statistical means represented by correlation coefficient "Spearman", "", "Mann- Whit
... Show MoreThe water quality index was used for the evaluation of the quality of water, as well its impacts on the rotifer abundance, in the Tigris River as it passes through Mishahda City, northern Baghdad. Five sites were selected and samples were collected during October 2019 to September 2020. It was noticed that the index values in most sites have exceeded the upper limits of river waters. The values ranged from 40 (Poor) to 45 (Marginal) in all sites. While, the values were from 42 (Poor) to 65 (Fair) during different seasons. As for drinking usages, the results demonstrated poor or undrinkable (31-40) water in all sites. Meanwhile, the values ranged from 39 (Poor) to 56 (Clear) in regard to seasons. The index values
... Show MoreThis work introduces a new electrode geometry for making holes with high aspect ratios on AISI 304 using an electrical discharge drilling (EDD) process. In addition to commercially available cylindrical hollow electrodes, an elliptical electrode geometry has been designed, manufactured, and implemented. The principal aim was to improve the removal of debris formed during the erosion process that adversely affects the aspect ratio, dimensional accuracy, and surface integrity. The results were compared and discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of electrode geometry on the machining performance of EDD process with respect to the material removal rate (MRR,) the electrode wear rate (EWR), and the tool wear ratio (TWR). Dimensional features an
... Show MoreInformation centric networking (ICN) is the next generation of internet architecture with its ability to provide in-network caching that make users retrieve their data efficiently regardless of their location. In ICN, security is applied to data itself rather than communication channels or devices. In-network caches are vulnerable to many types of attacks, such as cache poisoning attacks, cache privacy attacks, and cache pollution attacks (CPA). An attacker floods non-popular content to the network and makes the caches evict popular ones. As a result, the cache hit ratio for legitimate users will suffer from a performance degradation and an increase in the content’s retrieval latency. In this paper, a popularity variation me
... Show MoreFR Almoswai, BN Rashid, PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 2017 - Cited by 22
In this paper, isobutane (R-600a) is used as a suitable substitute for (R-134a) when changing the length of capillary tube. And the experimental data on capillary tube are obtained under different conditions such as (subcooling and ambient temperatures) on domestic refrigerator (9ft3 size), this data shows that (R-600a) a suitable substitute for (R134a) .The test presented a model for a steady state, two-phase flow in capillary tube for vapour compression system .The numerical model depends on conservation equations (mass, energy and momentum) as wall as the equation of state for refrigerant. The solution methodology was implemented by using finite difference techniques. The system results indicate that it is possible to change the refri
... Show MoreThis study focusses on the effect of using ICA transform on the classification accuracy of satellite images using the maximum likelihood classifier. The study area represents an agricultural area north of the capital Baghdad - Iraq, as it was captured by the Landsat 8 satellite on 12 January 2021, where the bands of the OLI sensor were used. A field visit was made to a variety of classes that represent the landcover of the study area and the geographical location of these classes was recorded. Gaussian, Kurtosis, and LogCosh kernels were used to perform the ICA transform of the OLI Landsat 8 image. Different training sets were made for each of the ICA and Landsat 8 images separately that used in the classification phase, and used to calcula
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