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Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Astrocytic Tumors in Iraqi Patients
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BACKGROUND: Diffuse astrocytomas constitute the largest group of primary malignant human intracranial tumours. They are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three histological malignancy grades: diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV) based on histopathological features such as cellular atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in a variety of normal and malignant cells regulating critical cellular processes. When activated, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers several signalling cascades leading to increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis and hence associated with aggressive progression of the tumour. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) level is known to be a strong indicator associated with the aggressive behaviour of the tumour and acts as a prognostic factor for evaluating the survival rate. AIM: To evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in different grades of astrocytoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic tumours of 44 patients were collected from the archival material of pathology department of Ghazi Al Hariri Teaching Hospital during the period from June to December 2018. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to characterise the tumours histologically based on cellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, polymorphism, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation and necrosis with or without pseudopallisading of tumour cells. Diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumours in this study were made according to WHO criteria (2016). Using a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and immunohistochemical analysis, the expression and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours were examined. RESULTS: The study included 1 case pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), 20 cases diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), 5 cases anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and 18 cases of glioblastoma (grade IV). Expression of EGFR was found in 38.88% of the glioblastoma samples (grade IV). However, none of the astrocytomas of WHO grades I, II and III showed immunoreactivity for EGFR protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was restricted only to high-grade astrocytic tumours, namely glioblastoma, thus may use to predict glioblastoma.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Financial performance evaluation using some indicators of value creation (Analytical study of selected sample of Iraqi banks)
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The research of three-based financial indicators to create value for shareholders, have been identified research problem in a number of the questions revolved around the extent to which it can express its based performance metrics to create value for the essence and the reality of the surveyed enterprises performance, Can the departments surveyed companies to choose the scale or the most harmonizing index and an expression of the actual performance of the company, has the goal of research is to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of the surveyed enterprises through the use of a number of based on the concept of creating economic value and the search for the most suitable indicator to the reality of the perfor

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of Governance Mechanisms on the Accounting Disclosure of the Sustainable Development of Iraqi Economic Units
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The research aims to demonstrate the impact of governance mechanisms on the quality of financial reports in the light of the accounting disclosure for sustainable development represented in (accounting disclosure for economic development, accounting disclosure for environmental development, and accounting disclosure for social development) in a sample of banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange.

Governance mechanisms were measured by evaluating and analyzing the mechanisms in banks for the research sample consisting of (15) banks, based on the governance guide issued by the Central Bank, as well as the banks’ financial reports for the years 2016 -2018, and the dimensions of accounting disclosure for sust

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based sensitive and specific detection of vitamin D3, glycated hemoglobin, and serum lipid profile of breast cancer patients
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Considering the expanding frequency of breast cancer and high incidence of vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] insufficiently, this investigate pointed to explain a relation between serum [25(OH)D3] (the sunshine vitamin) level and breast cancer hazard. The current study aimed to see how serum levels of each [25(OH)D3], HbA1c%, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were affected a woman’s risk of getting breast cancer. In 40 healthy volunteers and 69 untreated breast cancer patients with clinical and histological evidence which include outpatients and hospitalized admissions patients at the Oncology Center, Medical City / Baghdad - Iraq. Venous blood samp

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 14 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Determination of Some Biochemical Parameters in Ascaridia galli in chickens Which abundant in the local markets: Determination of Some Biochemical Parameters in Ascaridia galli in chickens Which abundant in the local markets
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The current study included measuring the percent of protein in the extract of nematode Ascaridia galli that infect chickens, it was 1.157% and equivalent to 11.570 mg /L., as well as the amino acid analysis in the nematode A.galli by using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC), as was detect five types for amino acids in this extract Leucine, Threonin, Serine, Methionine and Valine as the amount of these amino acids in the extract was as follows 132.973, 26.994, 10.453, 2.243 and 1.888 mg /L., respectively, and other amino acids which Glutamic, Histidine and Tyrosin did not exist in the nematode A.galli.

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Public Health In Practice
Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 31 2022
Journal Name
Ingénierie Des Systèmes D Information
Iraqi Paradigm E-Voting System Based on Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Platform
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Voting is one of the most fundamental components of a democratic society. In 2021 Iraq held the Council of Representatives (CoR) elections in 83 electoral constituencies in 19 governorates. Nonetheless, several significant issues arose during this election, including the problem of logistics distribution, the excessively long period of ballot counting, voters can't know if their votes were counted or if their ballots were tampered with, and the inconsistent regulation of vote counting. Blockchain technology, which was just invented, may offer a solution to these problems. This paper introduces an electronic voting system for the Iraq Council of Representatives elections that is based on a prototype of the permission hyperledger fabr

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Internal Convective Heat Transfer Effect on Iraqi Building Construction Cooling Load
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This work involves the calculation of the cooling load in Iraqi building constructions taking in account the effect of the convective heat transfer inside the buildings. ASHRAE assumptions are compared with the Fisher and Pedersen model of estimation of internal convective heat transfer coefficient when the high rate of ventilation from ceiling inlet configuration is used. Theoretical calculation of cooling load using the Radiant Time Series Method (RTSM) is implemented on the actual tested spaces. Also the theoretical calculated cooling loads are experimentally compared by measuring the cooling load in these tested spaces. The comparison appears that using the modified Fisher and Pedersen model when large ventilation ra

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Heliyon
Using unsafe traditional practices by Iraqi mothers to treat newborns' problems
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 03 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
"Social affiliation and its relation with compliance for Iraqi expatriates students"
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Individual cannot live alone due to to his need for others to facilitate His supplies for living, thus social affiliation is considered one of the most important psychological, social needs in individuals life through his willing to affiliate to others whether they were friends ,family, colleague , or even home to reach some degree of  psychological stability.

       Affiliation is a tool to search for Satiate through living with group from the same type or comply for group or to be compatible with them or even to be adherent and accept what the group agreed about of criterion.

     &nbsp

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION AN IRAQI CITIES DATABASE USING K-D TREE
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This research include design and implementation of an Iraqi cities database using spatial data structure for storing data in two or more dimension called k-d tree .The proposed system should allow records to be inserted, deleted and searched by name or coordinate. All the programming of the proposed system written using Delphi ver. 7 and performed on personal computer (Intel core i3).

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