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Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Astrocytic Tumors in Iraqi Patients
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BACKGROUND: Diffuse astrocytomas constitute the largest group of primary malignant human intracranial tumours. They are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three histological malignancy grades: diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV) based on histopathological features such as cellular atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in a variety of normal and malignant cells regulating critical cellular processes. When activated, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers several signalling cascades leading to increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis and hence associated with aggressive progression of the tumour. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) level is known to be a strong indicator associated with the aggressive behaviour of the tumour and acts as a prognostic factor for evaluating the survival rate. AIM: To evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in different grades of astrocytoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic tumours of 44 patients were collected from the archival material of pathology department of Ghazi Al Hariri Teaching Hospital during the period from June to December 2018. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to characterise the tumours histologically based on cellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, polymorphism, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation and necrosis with or without pseudopallisading of tumour cells. Diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumours in this study were made according to WHO criteria (2016). Using a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and immunohistochemical analysis, the expression and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours were examined. RESULTS: The study included 1 case pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), 20 cases diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), 5 cases anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and 18 cases of glioblastoma (grade IV). Expression of EGFR was found in 38.88% of the glioblastoma samples (grade IV). However, none of the astrocytomas of WHO grades I, II and III showed immunoreactivity for EGFR protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was restricted only to high-grade astrocytic tumours, namely glioblastoma, thus may use to predict glioblastoma.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Comparison the effectiveness of using a magnetic field to control theColi phages isolated from rivulet water with water-treatment using magnetic field added iron filings
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The present study aimed to use the magnetic field and nanotechnology in the field of water purification, which slots offering high efficiency to the possibility of removing biological contaminants such as viruses and bacteria rather than the use of chemical and physical transactions such as chlorine and bromine, and ultraviolet light and boiling and sedimentation and distillation, ozone and others that have a direct negative impact on human safety and the environment. Where they were investigating the presence in water samples under study Coli phages using Single agar layer method and then treated samples positive for phages to three types of magnetic field fixed as follows (North Pole - South Pole - Bipolar) and compare the re

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Simple and Rapid Method For Estimate of Propranolol With Bi (III) Via Long-Distance Chasing Photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) Utilization Continuous Flow Injection Analysis
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A simple, sensitive and rapid method was used for the estimate of: Propranolol with Bi (III) to prove the efficiency, reliability and repeatability of the long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on a reaction between propranolol and Bi (III) in an aqueous medium to obtain a yellow precipitate. Optimum parameters were studied to increase the sensitivity for the developed method. A linear range for calibration graph was 0.1-25 mmol/L for cell A and 1-40 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 51.8698 ng/200 µL and 363.0886 ng /200 µL , respectively to cell A and cell B with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9975 for cell A, 0.9966 for cell B, RSD% was lower than 1%, (n = 8) for the

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
sw uobaghdad edu iqSynthesis and Characterization of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) Complexes with Symmetrical Schiff base
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New binuclear Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II) Complexes of N2S2 tetradentate or N4S2 hexadentate symmetric Schiff base were prepared by the condensation of butane-1,4-diylbis(2-amino ethylcarbamodithioate) with 3-acetyl pyridine. The complexes having the general formula [M2LCl4] (where L=butane-1,4-diyl bis (2-(z)-1-(pyridine-3-ylethylidene amino))ethyl carbamodithioate, M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II)), were prepared by the reaction of the mentioned metal salts and the ligand. The resulting binuclear complexes were characterized by molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility ,infrared and electronic spectral measurements. This study indicated that Mn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have octahedral g

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 18 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Enhancement of hydrothermally Co <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> thin films as H <sub>2</sub> S gas sensor by loading yttrium element
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The gas sensing properties of Co3O4and Co3O4:Y nano structures were investigated. The films were synthesized using the hydrothermal method on a seeded layer. The XRD, SEM analysis and gas sensing properties were investigated for Co3O4and Co3O4:Y thin films. XRD analysis shows that all films are polycrystalline in nature, having a cubic structure, and the crystallite size is (11.7)nm for cobalt oxide and (9.3)nm for the Co3O4:10%Y. The SEM analysis of thin films obviously indicates that Co3O4possesses a nanosphere-like structure and a flower-like structure for Co3O4:Y.The sensitivity, response time and recovery time to a H2S reducing gas were tested at different operating

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Natural Sciences Research
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Investigations of (Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and Hg) Complexes with Schiff Base Derived From PVA and Erythro-Ascorbic Acid Derivative
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The aim of this work is the synthesis of new Schiff base derived from PVA and Erythro-ascorbic acid derivative (pentulosono-ɣ-lactone-2,3-enedianisoate) and its metal complexes of biological significance. All synthesized compounds were characterized by Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra and aldehyde was also characterized by (U.V-Vis), 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectra. The synthesized Schiff base & its metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentery,Klebsiellapneumonae,Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus Albus) and two fungal (Aspergillus Niger,Yeast).The biological activity ofall complexes is higher than free Schiff base ligand andf

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 12 2025
Journal Name
The Alarba'een Journal
Analyzing and tracking the data of the millions sized gatherings for the Arba'in visit and proposing alternative ways to relieve congestion using spatial analysis algorithms
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The city of Karbala is one of the most important holy places for visitors and pilgrims from the Islamic faith, especially through the Arabian visit, when crowds of millions gather to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussein. Offering services and medical treatments during this time is very important, especially when the crowds head to their destination (the holy shrine of Imam Hussein (a.s)). In recent years, the Arba'in visit has witnessed an obvious growth in the number of participants. The biggest challenge is the health risks, and the preventive measures for both organizers and visitors. Researchers identified various challenges and factors to facilitating the Arba'in visit. The purpose of this research is to deal with the religious an

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of (Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II)) Complexes with Schiff Base derived from [benzoyl hydrazine] with [benzyl mono oxime]
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The reaction of [Benzoyl hydrazine] with [Diphenyl mono oxime] and Glacial acetic acid was carried out in methanol gave a new tridentate ligand [Benzoic acid (2-hydroxyimino- 1, 2-diphyneylethylidene) - hydrazide]. This ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) in methanol with (1:1) metal : ligand ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(L)Cl2.H2O], where M= Fe(11), Co(11), Ni(11) and Cu(11). All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (I.R, UV-Vis), elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the proposed molecular structures were suggested for the complexes of Fe

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of (Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II)) Complexes with Schiff Base derived from [benzoyl hydrazine] with [benzyl mono oxime]
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The reaction of [Benzoyl hydrazine] with [Diphenyl mono oxime] and Glacial acetic acid was carried out in methanol gave a new tridentate ligand [Benzoic acid (2- hydroxyimino- 1, 2-diphyneylethylidene) - hydrazide]. This ligand was reacted with some metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) in methanol with (1:1) metal : ligand ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(L)Cl2.H2O], where M= Fe(11), Co(11), Ni(11) and Cu(11) . All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (I.R, UV-Vis), elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the proposed molecular structures were suggested for the complexes of Fe (II), Co (II)

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation, Study and Theortical Treatment of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) Schiff Base Coplexes with Sodium [N-(hydroxyl naphtholidine) Glycine imino].
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Anew Schiff base (NaHL) has been prepared from the reaction between the salt of amino acid glycine with 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde. By tridentate Schiff base of (ONO), donors were characterized by using U.V and spectrophotometer techniques. Complexes of Co(II) Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) ion with the ligand have been prepared, these complexes were identified by infrared, electronic spectral data, elemental analysis, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. It is concluded from the elemental analysis that all the complexes have (1:2) [metal:ligand] molar ratios, octahedral, with the exception to Zn(II) complex which have (1:1)[metal:ligand] molar ratio.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis,Structural and Biological studies of 4-[(1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-3-pyrozoline-5-one)azo]-N,N-dimethyl anline with some transition metal ions
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The present work includes the preparation and characterization of{Co(II) , Ni(II), Pd(II), Fe(III) , Ru(III),Rh(III), Os(III) , Ir(III) , Pt(IV) and VO(IV)}complexes of a new ligand 4-[(1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-3-pyrozoline-5-one)azo]-N,N-dimethylanline (PAD). The product (PAD) was isolated,studies and characterized by phsical measurements,i.e., (FT-IR), (UV) Spectroscopy and elemental analysis(C.H.N). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometric were suggested in solid state by using flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis(C.H.N), (FT-IR) and (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements . The study of the nature of the complexes formed in( ethanolic solution) following t

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