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RAPD Fingerprinting and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Spp. Isolated from Broiler and Layer Flocks in Karbala, Iraq
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Salmonellosis in poultry is one of the most significant bacterial infections causing mortality, reduced production, and serious economic losses. This study aimed to study the molecular diversity among Salmonella isolates and investigate the epidemiological spread of these bacteria in broiler and layer chicken flocks in five different farms in Karbala, Iraq, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 217 cloac a swabs were collected from the farms, out of which 129 and 88 swabs were taken from broiler and layer chickens. The samples were screened by PCR for S. enterica subsp. enterica using primers specific for the invA gene. Afterward, RAPD-PCR with uniplex or multiplex octamer primers was applied to genotype the isolates. The incidence rate of Salmonella infections in broilers and layers was estimated to be 27.9% and 12.5%. The uniplex primers P2 and P3, along with the multiplex primers yielded discriminatory patterns. Moreover, the RAPD typing showed a diverse range of banding patterns of Salmonella spp. Dendrograms created through GelJ software revealed various Salmonella genotypes in broilers and layers. The RAPD-PCR could be used as an accurate and fast tool to identify genetic relatedness among Salmonella spp. The obtained results would assist researchers in epidemiological studies and controlling salmonellosis in poultry fields.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Extraction of Pelletierine from Punica granatum L.by Liquid Membrane Technique and Modelling
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This work was conducted to study the extraction of pelletierine sulphate from Punica granatum L. roots by liquid membrane techniques. Pelletierine sulphate is used widely in medicine. The general behavior of extraction process indicates that pelletierine conversion increased with increasing the number of stages and the discs rotation speed but high rotation speed was not favored because of the increased risk of droplet formation during the operation. The pH of feed and acceptor solution was also important. The results exhibit that the highest pelletierine conversion was obtained when using two stages, (10 rpm) discs speed of stainless steel discs, (pH=9.5) of feed solution and (pH=2) of acceptor solution in n-decane. Assuming the existen

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 14 2021
Journal Name
Annals Of R.s.c.b.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of heterocyclic compounds derived from Amoxcilline drug.
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A first step in this research was to synthesize Schiff's bases(1-3)using an Amoxcilline intensification reaction with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol. In benzene and refluxing conditions,Schiff's bases were cyclized with succinic and Phthalic anhydride to give a new sequence of 1,3-oxazepine derivatives(4-6) and (7-9),respectively.The last step,cyclization reactions with sodium azide in THF solvent resulted in the formation of [10 and 11], which are supposed to be biologically significant.FT.IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (for compound 4,7,9, and 11),as well as melting points reported, were used to characterize these prepared compounds ,Bacillus (G+), Staphylococcus (G+), and E.Coli (G-)were screened against these compounds. . To i

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 03 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Recovery of Aluminum from Industrial Waste (Slag) by Melting and Electrorefining Processes
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Slag of aluminum is a residue which results during the melting process of primary and secondary aluminum production. Salt slag of aluminum is hazardous solid waste according to the European Catalogue for Hazardous Wastes. Hence, recovery of aluminum not only saves the environment, but also has advantages of financial and economic returns. In this research, aluminum was recovered and purified from the industrial wastes generated as waste from both of State Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries (Baghdad/AlWaziriya) and General Company for Mechanical Industries (Babylon/-Al-Escandria). It was found that these wastes contain tiny proportions of other elements such as iron, copper, nickel, titanium, lead, and potassium. Wastes were

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2023
Journal Name
Revis Bionatura
Description and determination of the nanocellulose components produced from acetic acid bacteria
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Some microorganisms can produce nanocellulose, which is known as bacterial nanocellulose (BNC); the most active bacterial producer is acetic acid bacteria (AAB), which is a gram-negative, motile and obligate aerobic belongs to the family Acetobacteraceae. Bacterial nanocellulose has excellent attention in medical (surgical domain), industrial and pharmaceutical fields because of its flexible properties, characteristics and advantages. So, in this study, the AAB (5AC) isolate was isolated from apple vinegar. The production of BNC was performed by using a natural medium called palm dates liquid medium, the produced bacterial Cellulose was purified by using the sodium hydroxide method; it was observed that the wet weight of the BNC was a

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 16 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Constructing and Solving the System of Linear Equations Produced From LFSR Generators
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Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) systems are used  widely in stream cipher systems field. Any system of LFSR's which wauldn't be attacked must first construct the system of linear equations of the LFSR unit. In this paper methods are developed to construct a system of linear/nonlinear equations of key generator (a LFSR's system) where the effect of combining (Boolean) function of LFSR is obvious. Before solving the system of linear/nonlinear equations by using one of the known classical methods, we have to test the uniqueness of the solution. Finding the solution to these systems mean finding the initial values of the LFSR's of the generator. Two known generators are used to test and apply the ideas of the paper,

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 27 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The uses of Iraqi women for Facebook and innovation made from them
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The problem of research is to identify the uses of Iraqi women for Facebook and the motives of these uses and the innovations that have been achieved from them, in view of the increasing role-played by social networking sites in the lives of individuals in general and women in particular.The research seeks to identify the following: Identify the extent to which Iraqi women use Facebook and the usage motives and innovations achieved by the interviewees When they using Facebook. This study belongs to the descriptive studies that are interested in monitoring the characteristics of a particular phenomenon to identify its characteristics and characteristics.This study adopted the survey methodology to test the hypotheses of the study and how

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Synthesis of Liquid Crystal Mesogenes Derived From Isophthalic Acid and Terephthalic Acid
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Two series of bent and liner core mesogen containing 1,2,4-traizole ring [VI]a,g and series were synthesized by many steps starting from esterification of isophthalic acid and terephathalic acid with methanol to yield diester compound [I]a,b which was converted to their acid hydrazide [II]a,b and the acid hydrazide reacted with ammonium thiocyanate or diester reacted with thiosemicarbazide to yield compounds [III]a,b. Then cyclization by 4% NaOH to yielded 1,2,4 traizole-3- thiol compounds [IV]a,b , afterword adding hydrazine hydrate to yield compounds [V]a,b. These compounds condensated with different substituted aldehyde to give new Schiff bases[VI]a,b ,[VII]a,b . Also , reaction acid hydrazide [II]a,b with aldehyde [VII] to yielded Schif

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Isolation and Identification of Alkaline Protease Producing Aspergills niger from Iraqi Soils
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Abstract<p>Twenty purified isolates were obtained by using different soil sources, only twelve isolates belonging to Aspergillus genera depending on cultural and morphological characterization. The isolates were used as alkaline protease producer. The highest proteolytic, enzymatic activity (95.83U/ml) was obtained from <italic>Aspergillus</italic> sp. ZE isolate. This isolate was identified by 5.8 rRNA gene sequencing as <italic>Aspergills niger</italic> (accuracy of 99%), which was matched with the sequence of <italic>Aspergills niger</italic> strain GM775228 recorded in Gene bank under the ID: GM 775228.1.</p>
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Publication Date
Thu Jul 02 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Synthesis of Liquid Crystal Mesogenes Derived From Isophthalic Acid and Terephthalic Acid
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Removal of Phenol from Water and Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation with Lime
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