From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.
The research aimed at identifying the relationship between motivation and self–confidence on the performing routines in the parallel bar. The researchers used the descriptive method on (480) thirds year college of physical education and sport sciences/ university of Baghdad students. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that there is a high correlation relationship between motivation and self-confidence with routine performance on parallel bars. In addition to that, the researchers concluded that third-year students have high motivation and self – confidence and there is a positive relationship between motivation, self-confidence, and routine performance on parallel bars.
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has many difficulties which include port Insertion, Dissectionof the Calot’s Triangle , Grasping of the Gallbladder , Wall thickness, Adhesion and extraction of theGallbladder. Aim of the Study: To predict how difficult cholecystectomy will be from assessing the patientpreoperatively which, in turn, help in decreasing the risks on the patients and preventing post-operativecomplications. Patients and Methods: A prospective study conducted in the department of General Surgeryat Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for the period of nine months from 15th of May 2018 till the 15th of February2019. It included 60 patients, all of them were undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for Gallstone. Patientswit
... Show MoreLight has already becomes a popular means of communication, and the high-bandwidth data into free space without the use of wires. A great idea took us to design a new system for transmitting sound through free space at (650, 532) nm wavelengths using reflective mirrors under different atmospheric conditions. The study showed us the effect of various weather factors (temperature, wind speed and humidity) on these wavelengths for different distances. As well as studying the attenuation caused by long-distance laser and beam divergence, A reflective dish was used to focus the spot of the laser beam on the photocell. Results were discussed under the effect of these factors and the attenuation resulting from the beam divergence. Thus, the sys
... Show MoreHypothyroidism has been associated with disorders of glucose and insulin metabolism..The present study was designed to evaluate the possible change in some hormones (free testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, insulin), glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women with primary hypothyroidism under thyroid hormone replacement therapy .This cross-sectional study was carried on 62 hypothyroid patients׳ women and 22 healthy women as control group at the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes, AL-Rasafa Directorate of Health Baghdad, with age range(15-60 years), diagnosed as having primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine replacement therapy with duration not less than four months.
... Show MoreThe effect ©? acid and alkility for the dichromate solution and the thicknness of gelatin layer on the effecincy of the film , also the time period between the recording and the reconstraction processes . the last effecincy was 90% for PH=5.6 and 95% for d=110 ?? . the highe effeciny for time period was 82% for 48 h .
The objective of study is to investigate the effect of using of Whey – Extracted Soyamilk indifferent Proportions instead of Cow s milk on Standing Height of Muffin of 5.5 cm. was reached in the treatment C ( 50% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) as compared with a Control treatment A (0% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) at which the Muffin height reached 4.8 cm. About the sensory evaluation , The results showed for the Flavour property , to a significant difference was found between the treatment A (0% whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) which got 6.2 degree as compared with the two treatments namely , D(75% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) and E(100% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) Which got 5.7 and 5.3 degree , respectively. For Ge
... Show MoreThat less duration takes larva mature into a virgin under field conditions is one day during Alguetrh from April to October and last longer to more than a day during Alguetrh from November to February and up to nine days in January when low minimum temperature to zero degreespercentage that these larvae can not be a high percentage in the field ranging from 90-100% reduced Hessian Alnsphaly 85% during the months of July and Cape
Nowadays nanoparticles are used in many fields of life all over the world, and there are numerous ways to obtain them: chemical, physical and biological processes. In recent times, the biological method for the synthesis of nanoparticles associated with using plant extract is widely spread. Optimal conditions for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous seeds extract of Myristica fragrance were highlighted in this research, such as type of plant extract, weight of extracted plant material, volume ratio of plant extract to AgNO3 and temperature of reaction. The study proved that the optimal status for AgNPs synthesis by using 10 g of M. fragrance seeds powder were added to 100 mL boiled distilled water, then homogenized and f
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