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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a new frontier in male reproductive system
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Background: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor historically recognized for its role in the regulation of toxicity mediated by environmental chemicals. Recent research points to AhR's critical participation in male reproductive physiology, particularly in spermatogenesis, hormone signaling, and the maintenance of sperm quality. Both endogenous ligands (e.g., dietary and gut microbiota-derived metabolites) and exogenous pollutants (e.g., dioxins and benzo-α-pyrene) influence AhR-mediated pathways, making it a key link between environmental exposures and male fertility. Results: This review highlights AhR's influence on the male reproductive system, emphasizing the role of endogenous AhR ligands and AhR expression in the maturation and function of male reproductive organs. Environmental AhR agonists have been shown to induce oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance, and sperm DNA damage, which impact harmfully on the spermatogenesis process, which leads to reproductive abnormalities. Conversely, certain natural compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, and lycopene appear to antagonize AhR activation and reduce its negative effects, thus offering potential protective benefits against male reproductive toxicity. Nevertheless, discrepancies persist regarding the exact interplay between AhR signaling and critical reproductive hormones such as testosterone and LH, and it remains unclear how transgenerational epigenetic changes triggered by AhR activation might affect long-term male fertility. Conclusion: AhR is pivotal in male reproductive physiology, influencing spermatogenesis, sperm quality, and hormone regulation through its interactions with both endogenous and environmental ligands. Persistent pollutants such as dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause oxidative damage and hormonal disturbances via AhR, contributing to reduced sperm quality and fertility.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Design and Synthesis of New Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents with Expected Selectivity toward Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition
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This study includes design and synthesis of new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) with expected cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition to achieve better activity and low gastric side effects. Two series of compounds have been designed and synthesized as potential NSAIDs,these  are:     Salicylamide derivatives (compounds 3,4,5 ) and Diflunisal derivatives (compounds 10&11). In vivo acute anti-inflammatory effect of one of the synthesized agents (compound 3)  was evaluated in the rat using egg-white induced paw edema model of inflammation. Preliminary pharmacological study revealed that compound 3 exhibited less anti-inflammatory effect  compared to that of aspirin after

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicinal And Chemical Sciences
Synthesis and Identification of New 2-Substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Compounds from Creatinine and Study Their Antioxidant Activities
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 06 2021
Journal Name
University Of Baghdad
Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and thermal study of metal complexes with new ligands derived from succinyl chloride
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 22 2015
Journal Name
مجلة التربية الاساسية
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds Via Unsaturated Ketone with Evaluating of Their biological Activity
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of New Metal Complexes of α-Aminonitriles Derived from P- Toluidine and Aromatic Aldehydes
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New metal complexes of some transition metal ions Co(II), Cu(II) , Cd(II) and Zn(II) were prepared by their reaction with previously prepared ligands HLI= (P-methyl anilino) phenyl acetonitrile and HLII = (P-methyl anilino) –P– chloro phenyl acetonitrile . The two ligands were prepared by Strecker’s procedure which includ the reaction of p- toluidine with benzaldehyde and P- chlorobenzaldehyde respectively. Structures were proposed depending on atomic absorption , i.r. and u.v.visible spectra in addition to magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity measurements.

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Synthesis of New 2, 4, 5-triphenyl imidazole Derivatives Derived from benzoin and Studying their Biological Activity
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compound [1] was formed from the reaction of benzoin and benzaldehyde in the presence of ammonia, which was reacted with sodium hydride in DMF to obtain imidazole salt. This salt was reacted with adipoyl chloride to give compound [2]. Acid hydrazide derivative [3] was obtained from the reaction of compound [2] with hydrazine hydrate. After that Shiff bases [4-9] have been synthesized from the reaction of compound [3] with different aromatic aldehydes. These new formed compounds were diagnosed by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR for some of them (in Ahl-Albate University in Jordan) and FT-IR spectroscopy (In Baghdad University). All of the prepared products have been studied their biological activities toward two kinds of bacteria. These products show

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
New Pd and Pt Complexes of Guanine –Azo Dye: Structural, Spectroscopic, Dyeing Performance and Antibacterial Activity Studies
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Four new complexes of Pd(II), Pt(II) and Pt(IV) with DMSO solution of the ligand 8-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]guanine (L) have been synthesized. Reaction of the ligand with Pd(II) at different pH gave two new complexes, at pH=8, a complex of the formula [Pd(L)2]Cl2.DMSO (1) was formed, while at pH=4.5,the complex[Pd(L)3]Cl2.DMSO (2) was obtained. Meanwhile, the reaction of the ligand with Pt(II) and Pt(IV) revealed new complexes with the formulas[Pt(L)2]Cl2.DMSO (3)and [Pt(L)3]Cl4.DMSO (4) at pH 7.5 and 6 respectively.
All the preparations were performed after fixing the optimum pH and concentration. The effect of time on the stability of these complexes was checked. The stoichiometry of the complexes was determined by the mole ratio and Job

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Study of Sulfonamide Conjugates with Ibuprofen and Indomethacin as New Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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          4-aminobenzenesulfonamide conjugates of ibuprofen (compound 10) and indomethacin (compound 11) have been designed and synthesized by the reaction of sulfanilamide (compound 7) with 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid (ibuprofen) and 2-(1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid (indomethacin) for the evaluation as potential anti-inflammatory agents with expected selectivity against COX-2 enzyme. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized final compounds (10 and 11) was evaluated in rats using egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose equivalent to (10mg/Kg) of ibuprofen and (2mg/kg) of indomethacin. The tested compounds pr

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 25 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies for New Schiff Base Complexes derived from 4-Bromo-O-toluidine
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In this article, new Schiff base ligand LH-prepared Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) materials were analyzed using spectroscopy (1 Metal: 2 LH). The ligand was identified using techniques such as FTIR, UV-vis, 1H-13C-NMR, and mass spectra, and their complexes were identified using CHN microanalysis, UV-vis and FTIR spectral studies, atomic absorption, chloride content, molar conductivity measurements, and magnetic susceptibility. According to the measurements, the ligand was bound to the divalent metal ions as a bidentate through oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The complexes that were created had microbicide activity against two different bacterial species and one type of fungus. DPPH techniques were bei

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of International Academic Research For Multidisciplinary
SYNTHESIS AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOUR OF NEW SERIES CONTAINING 1, 3-OXAZEPINE AND 1, 3-THIAZOLE RINGS
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The synthesis and properties of two new series of compounds having 1,3-Oxazepineand 1,3-thiazole rings connected through azo linkage are reported. These compounds weresynthesized by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with Schiff bases. The molecular structuresof these compounds were verified by elemental analysis, FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy.The mesomorphic behaviors of these compounds were studied by optical polarizedmicroscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All compounds of the twoseries show liquid crystalline properties. The influence of the central oxazepine and thiazolerings and the terminal substituents on the type and temperature range of the mesomorphousproperties of these compounds has been elucidated