Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on the effects of bed roughness elements such as cubic and T-section elements that are regularly half-channel arrayed on one side of the river on turbulent flow characteristics and bed erosion downstream of the roughness elements. The experimental study has been done for two types of bed roughness elements (cubic and T-section shape) to study the effect of these elements on the velocity profile downstream the elements with respect to different water flow discharges and water depths. A comparison between the cubic and T-section artificial bed roughness showed that the velocity profile downstream the T-section increased in smooth side from the river and decrease in the rough side from it compared with the case when a cubic artificial bed roughness is used. By comparing the results for the element shapes, it can be notices that the T-section bed roughness element more effective compared to cubic shape for both sides of the channel. The numerical method has been done using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. A validation for the CFD model with the experimental study have been carried out for a specific flow discharge and water depth. The results indicated that the velocity distribution profiles downstream the bed roughness elements in both sides shown very good agreement for manning coefficients between the numerical and experimental studies. The range of errors between the experimental and numerical study have been calculated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) approach, which is found that the RMSE is approximately equal to 1 in case of cubic bed roughness and the RMSE is about 1.5 in case of T-section bed roughness for both smooth and rough sides. Furthermore, the influence of the velocity profile and the bed erosion downstream of the T-section element under the effect of tides have been investigated using the CFD method, which is commonly happened in Shat al-Arab south of Iraq. The results show that the tide of the flow has a reverse effect on the velocity profiles for both sides. Since the velocity profile downstream of bed roughness region increase in the rough side and decrease in the smooth side compared with the normal flow of the river.
A total of four types of instant dry yeast
A comprehensive review focuses on 3D network-on-chip (NoC) simulators and plugins while paying attention to the 2D simulators as the baseline is presented. Discussions include the programming languages, installation configuration, platforms and operating systems for the respective simulators. In addition, the simulator’s properties and plugins for design metrics evaluations are addressed. This review is intended for the early career researchers starting in 3D NoC, offering selection guidelines on the right tools for the targeted NoC architecture, design, and requirements.
The aim of the present study is to formulate, evaluate and characterize the nanoemulsion of Domperidone a poorly water-soluble anti-emetic drug.
Domperidone powder is white or almost white powder, photosensitive, practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and in methanol; soluble in dimethylformamide. It is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting of various etiologies.
Solubility studies were conducted to select the oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Phase diagrams were constructed by aqueous phase
... Show MoreSelexipag is an orally selective long-acting prostacyclin receptor agonist, which indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is practically insoluble in water ( class II, according to BCS). This work aims to prepare and optimized Selexipag nanosuspensions to achieve an enhancement in the in vitro dissolution rate. The solvent antisolvent precipitation method was used for the production of nanosuspension, and the effect of formulation parameters (stabilizer type, drug: stabilizer ratio, and use of co-stabilizer) and process parameter (stirring speed) on the particle size and polydispersity index were studied. SLPNS prepared with Soluplus® as amain stabilizer (F15) showed the smallest particle size 47nm wi
... Show MoreThe development of analytical techniques is required for the accurate and comprehensive detection and measurement of antibiotic contamination in the environment. Metronidazole is a common antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antibiotic drug. Thiamine is a vital biological and medicinal ingredient that is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that produce energy. The study aims to identify the drugs in a mixture without separation to provide more information to confirm if a drug is present in a combination. Metronidazole and thiamine are two examples of pharmaceutical and environmental samples that can be identified using spectrophotometric techniques because of their low cost and simplicity of use. The operati
... Show MoreA process of bacterial cellulose gold nanocomposite has been investigated based on experimental work and cited literature. A literature review on the production process is carried out in this study. Bacterial cellulose is a high crystalline fabric material generally used in biomedical applications. A Nanocomposite was made by synthesis from gold and bacterial cellulose. The experimental work includes growing, and isolating bacterial cellulose, preparation of gold Nanoparticles and preparation of Nano composite. Nanoparticle’s formation and adsorption on the cellulose tissue have been observed visually, where a colour change was observed. The predicted particle size for the gold nano
Felodipine is a calcium-channel blocker with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Lipid dosage forms are attractive delivery systems for such hydrophobic drug molecules. Nanoemulsion (NE) is one of the popular methods that has been used to solve the dispersibility problems of many drugs. Felodipine was formulated as a NE utilizing oleic acid as an oil phase, tween 80 and tween 60 as surfactants and ethanol as a co-surfactant. Eight formulas were prepared, and different tests were performed to ensure the stability of the NEs, such as particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, dilution test, drug content, viscosity and in-vitro drug release. Result
... Show MoreThis research studies the conflict issue regarding climate rapid change as a fact which occupied scientists and specialists alike, who research in this particular field, especially in recent years and how this matter has been dealt with according to real and in fictional structures via films and TV.
The researcher dealt with two researches in this study :
The first : climate extremes, human and drama rituals.
The second : realistic and imaginary construction in the cinematographic medium.
The study is based on the analysis of the film "GeoStorm", which focuses on the issue of global natural storms and the dangerous weather phenomena that threaten our planet as a result of neglect and tampering
... Show MoreThe n-type Au thin films of 500nm thickness was evaporated by thermal evaporation method on p-type silicon wafer of [111] direction to formed Au/Si heterojunction solar cell. The AC conductivity, C-V and I-V characteristics of fabricated c-Au/Si diffusion heterojunction-(HJ) solar cell, has been studied. The first methods demonstrated that the AC conductivity due to with diffusiontunneling mechanism, while the second show that, the heterojunction profile is abrupt, the heterojunction parameters have been played out, such as the depletion width, built-in voltage, and concentration. And finally the third one show that the c-Au/Si HJ has rectification properties, and the solar cell yielded an open circuit voltage of (Vic) 0.4V, short circuit c
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