The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation caused by fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel produced from renewable feedstocks such as Jatropha seed oil or animal fats by transesterification offers a solution. Although biodiesel has been produced from various vegetable oils such as Jatropha seed oil, the reaction kinetics studies are very few in literature, hence the need for this study. Jatropha curcas seed oil was extracted and analyzed to determine its free fatty acid and fatty acid composition. The oil was transesterified with methanol at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1, using 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst, at different temperature

In the present study, advanced oxidation process / heterogeneous photocatalytic process (UV/TiO₂/Fenton) system was investigated to the treatment of oily wastewater. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration H₂O₂, initial amount of the iron catalyst Fe⁺², pH, temperature, amount of TiO₂ and the concentration of oil in the wastewater.  The removal efficiency for the system UV/TiO₂/Fenton at optimal conditions and dosage (H₂O₂ = 400mg/L, Fe⁺² = 40mg/L, pH=5, temperature =30^oC, TiO₂=75mg/L) for 1000mg/L load was found to be 77%.

Aluminum foil cover around the re

The Hartha Formation is one of the important formations deposited during Late Campanian age.

The present study deals with four boreholes (EB-53, 54, 55 and 56) within the East Baghdad oil field to diagnoses the microfacies and interpret the depositional environments.

Six major microfacies were recognized in the succession of the Hartha Formation. Their characteristic grain types and depositional texture enabled the recognition of paleoenvironment. There are Orbitoides  wackestone-packstone , Orbitoides - miliolid wackestone, Peloidal and Pellets - echinoderm wackestone to packstone, Peloidal wackestone to packstone, Pelletal wackestone to packstone, and Planktonic foraminifera wackestone-packstone.

Four assoc

This study deals with establishing the depositional environment of the Fatha Formation through facies analysis. It also deals with dividing the formation into units based on the rhythmic nature. Data from selected shallow wells near Hit area and deep wells at East Baghdad Oil field are used. Five major lithofacies are recognized in this study, namely, greenish grey marl, limestone, gypsum (and/or anhydrite), halite and reddish brown mudstone (with occasional sandstone).The limestone lithofacies is divided into three microfacies: Gastropods bioclastic wackestone microfacies, Gastropods peloidal bioclastic packstone, and Foraminiferal packstone microfacies.The lithofacies of the Fatha are nested in a rhythmic pattern or what is known as sh

In this paper, we introduce the concept of e-small Projective modules as a generlization of Projective modules.

Fifty of urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection
(UTI). The samples were collected from AL- Yarmuk hospital in Baghdad. All of
the isolates were diagnosed using biochemical test and vitek. The result showed that
30 (60%) isolates identified as E.coli from 50 urine samples. The colicinogenic
isolates were determined using cup assay methods. The results showed that 10 out of
30 isolates (33.3%) were detect as colicin producers from 30 isolate identified as
E.coli depending on the clear zone that observed against the sensitive isolate.
Colicin was extracted from the efficient isolate. Colicin activity (320 U/ml) was
determined by well assay method. The protein concentration (520 μg /m

This study was conducted to estimate some heavy metals cadmium, lead, nickel and iron in 15 samples of Iraqi honey with 3 replicates for each sample which were collected from apiaries near potential contamination areas in five Iraqi governorates, including Baghdad, Karbala, Babylon, Diyala and Salah al-Din. The atomic absorption technique was used to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals, the results showed that there were significant differences at (P≤0.05) between the concentrations of these elements in the honey samples, the highest concentrations of cadmium 0.123 mg/kg were recorded in Baghdad, near the petrochemical production complex, lead 4.657 mg/kg and nickel 0.023 mg/kg in Babylon near the power plant, iron was

Schiff base ligand (H2CANPT) was prepared by two steps: first, by the condensation of curcumin with 4-amino antipyrin produces4,4'-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl- 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one) (CANP). Second, by the condensation of (CANP) with L-tyrosine produces2,2'-(((3Z,3'Z)-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta 1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-H-pyrazole- 4-yl-3-ylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid) (H2CANPT). The resulted Schiff comported as hexadentate coordinated with (N4O2) atoms, then it was treated with some transition and non-transaction met