Polycrystalline Cadmium Oxide (CdO) thin films were prepared
using pulsed laser deposition onto glass substrates at room
temperature with different thicknesses of (300, 350 and 400)nm,
these films were irradiated with cesium-137(Cs-137) radiation. The
thickness and irradiation effects on structural and optical properties
were studied. It is observed by XRD results that films are
polycrystalline before and after irradiation, with cubic structure and
show preferential growth along (111) and (200) directions. The
crystallite sizes increases with increasing of thickness, and decreases
with gamma radiation, which are found to be within the range
(23.84-4.52) nm and (41.44-4.974)nm before and after irradiation for

The research topic (The dramatic structure transformations in the Iraqi Feature Film) studies the dramatic structure and its transformations in the Iraqi feature film. The research determined the research problem and the need for it in addition to the aims and the limits of the study as well as its importance. The theoretical framework consists of the following themes: the dramatic transformations mechanism and dramatic data in the Iraq film 1957-2003 then the dramatic values transformations and the performance contradictions in the Iraqi film.
The research, after concluding the theoretical framework, came up with a number of indicators of the theoretical framework that have been used as a tool to analyze the sample. The research proc

This study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO2 gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb2O5 thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2O5. The optical band gap values of the Nb2O5 thin films demonstrate a decrease from 4.74 to 3.73 eV

This study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO₂ gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb₂O₅ thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb₂O₅. The optical band gap val

This research explores the preparation of polypyrrole (PPy) using chemical oxidation and its enhancement with graphene oxide (GO) for optical sensor applications. PPy was synthesized by polymerizing pyrrole monomers with ferric chloride (Fe2Cl3) as the oxidant. The resulting PPy was then combined with GO to form a composite material, aiming to improve its electrical and optical properties. Polypyrrole nanofibers were obtained and after adding graphene oxide, the sensitivity increased. Characterization techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, DC conductivity measurements, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and response of photocurrent analysis were employed. The incorporation of GO into PPy resulted in a significant reducti

In this work, the effect of annealing temperature on the electrical properties are studied of p-Se/ n-Si solar cell, which p-Se are deposit by DC planar magnetron sputtering technique on crystal silicon. The chamber was pumped down to 2×10−5 mbar before admitting the gas in. The gas was Ar. The sputtering pressure varied within the range of 4x10-1 - 8x10-2mbar by adjusting the pumping speed through the opening control of throttle valve. The electrical properties are included the C-V and I-V measurements. From C-V measurements, the Vbi are calculated while from I-V measurements, the efficiency of solar cell is calculated.

Dialogue is one of the pillars of character building in the television series, through which it is possible to identify the most important characteristics and traits of the personality, in addition to its ability to reveal the most important problems at all levels. The following: (How does dialogue contribute to enhancing the traits of the alienated personality?). It therefore aims to identify the effectiveness of the dramatic dialogue in enhancing the traits of the alienated personality represented by (powerlessness, isolation, meaninglessness, objectification, non-standardization and rebellion). (The traits of the alienated character, and the second is the psychological function of the dramatic dialogue), to extract from them the main

The primary goal of root canal treatment (RCT) is to expel the presence of any necrotic or vital tissue, microbes and their byproducts from the canal space before press forward with the following steps of the RCT procedures. Although this is difficult to attain, various strives had been practiced by employing chemical and mechanical methods to eliminate as much microorganisms as possible and make the canal space valid for the obturation materials to be received. The aim of this review is to demonstrate some of what new remedies that could be used as root canal disinfectant by summarizing the recent studies regarding the efficacy of different natural products against the most persistence microbiota that could be responsible for most

Abstract

This paper concerned with study the effect of a graphite micro powder mixed in the kerosene dielectric fluid during powder mixing electric discharge machining (PMEDM) of high carbon high chromium AISI D2 steel. The type of electrode (copper and graphite), the pulse current and the pulse-on time and mixing powder in kerosene dielectric fluid are taken as the process main input parameters. The material removal rate MRR, the tool wear ratio TWR and the work piece surface roughness (SR) are taken as output parameters to measure the process performance. The experiments are planned using response surface methodology (RSM) design procedure. Empirical models are developed for MRR, TWR and SR, using the analysis