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Are Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies a special class of Active Galactic Nuclei?
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No. Due to their apparently extreme optical to X-ray properties, Narrow Line Seyfert 1s (NLSy1s) have been considered a special class of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Here, we summarize observational results from different groups to conclude that none of the characteristics that are typically used to define the NLSy1s as a distinct group – from the, nowadays called, Broad Line Seyfert 1s (BLSy1s) – is unique, nor ubiquitous of these particular sources, but shared by the whole Type 1 AGN. Historically, the NLSy1s have been distinguished from the BLSy1s by the narrow width of the broad Hb emission line. The upper limit on the full width at half maximum of this line is 2000kms−1 for NLSy1s, while in BLSy1s it can be of several thousands of kms−1. However, this border has been arbitrarily set and does not correspond to the change of any physical property. All observed parameters in Type 1 AGN cover continues ranges of values, which does not allow to infer the existence of two different kind of populations with FWHMHb,broad = 2000kms−1 as dividing point. We argue that the usage of this velocity limit to define samples of NLSy1s galaxies – as it is usually done in comparative studies –, together with the well known observational biases, naturally favors the selection of sources with low black hole masses and high Eddington ratios that are hosted by blue spiral galaxies. Therefore selection biases might be responsible for the reported differences between NLSy1 and BLSy1 sources.

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 20 2025
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Using a 3D Chaotic Dynamic System as a Random Key Generator for Image Steganography
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In today's digital era, the importance of securing information has reached critical levels. Steganography is one of the methods used for this purpose by hiding sensitive data within other files. This study introduces an approach utilizing a chaotic dynamic system as a random key generator, governing both the selection of hiding locations within an image and the amount of data concealed in each location. The security of the steganography approach is considerably improved by using this random procedure. A 3D dynamic system with nine parameters influencing its behavior was carefully chosen. For each parameter, suitable interval values were determined to guarantee the system's chaotic behavior. Analysis of chaotic performance is given using the

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 03 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
A Case Report -Bilateral Giant Achilles Tendon Xanthomas Resection with a Tendon transverse Technique
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Background : Xanthomatosis is a disease in which large tendon tumors can occur, especially in the Achilles tendon. This disease is a rare interesting orthopaedic condition. Case Report:A case of a twenty eight year old girl patient with giant bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas in which both tumors were resected. There was no ulceration on the both sides. The patient was treated by total resection of the lesion and reconstruction using tendon transfer of the Peroneus brevis and Flexor hallusis longus. Postoperative treatment consisted of six weeks lower leg cast immobilization followed by partial weight bearing. After 4 months the patient was able to walk pain free without any difficulties. It has been suggested that total resection with au

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 09 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology
Water quality index toward a reliable assessment for water supply uses: a novel approach
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 05 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Biotechnology Research Center,
A review of the Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli in Iraq
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 15 2025
Journal Name
Dentistry 3000
Salivary Caries-Related Microorganisms and Demographics of a Group of Children
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between caries related microorganisms in children’s saliva, such as Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, and their demographic factors. Methods: This study involved a sample of 135, both sexes with an age range between 3 and 10 years. Unstimulated saliva was obtained and diluted in normal saline. Saliva was then placed in selective media. Salivaris agar was used for mutans streptococci while Rogosa agar for lactobacilli. After incubation, Streptococcus mutans counting of CFU (colony forming units) with morphology characterization and numbers of CFU per milliliter of saliva for lactobacilli. Demographic factors information was collected using a questionnaire.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Frequency of HLA Antigens in a Sample of Iraqi Brucellosis Patients
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Fifty one patients with serologically confirmed brucellosis and 70 healthy controls were phenotyped for HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ antigens by using standard microlympho-cytotoxicity method, and lymphocytes defined by their CD markers (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19). The results revealed a significant (Pc = 0.001) increased frequency of HLA-DR8 (41.18 vs. 10.0%) in the patients . A significant increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was also increased in the patients (25.15 vs. 22.0%; P = 0.006), while CD3+ lymphocytes were significantly decreased (75.1 vs. 79.4%; P = 0.02).

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Plant Archives
A comparative anatomical study of three types of gymnospermplantscycasrevoluta,thujaoreintalisand cupressussemperviens
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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Applied Pharmaceutics
DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PERIODONTAL BIOADHESIVE GEL OF GATIFLOXACIN
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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a bioadhesive gel of gatifloxacin for the treatment of periodontal diseases.Methods: Periodontal gels of gatifloxacin were prepared using different hydrophilic polymers such as carbopol 940 (CP 940), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in varied concentrations, either alone or as a combination. The prepared gels were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, drug content, viscosity, bioadhesiveness and in vitro drug release profile. The influence of the type and the concentration of polymer on the drug release as well as on viscosity and mucoadhesiveness of prepared gels were investigated.Results: The prepared gels showed acceptable physical proper

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Aaps Pharmscitech
Formulation and Characterization of Oleogel as a Topical Carrier of Azithromycin
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This study aims to formulate azithromycin oleogel to locally treat skin infections such as acne vulgaris and skin wound infection. Providing a form of azithromycin that can be administered topically is highly desired to prevent unwanted systemic complications including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Additionally, it will avoid first pass metabolism, improves patient acceptance, provides an alternative in nauseated patients, decreases the dose by direct contact with the pathological site, and provides a noninvasive and convenient mode of administration. Furthermore, for treating wound infections, the gel will act as a scaffold biomaterial for wound closure besides its antibacterial effect. Herein, we propose the use of grapeseed oil-b

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Publication Date
Wed May 17 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The origins of the structure of nominative pronouns, a linguistic study
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The Arabic pronouns received a lot of attention from the ancient Arab grammarians, so they explained their origins, the different forms of their structure, and the aspects of the Arabs’ use of them, and explained the aspects and reasons for these uses, with what they had of linguistic insight, which guided them to clarify the truth of these pronouns.
And recently, this research seeks new knowledge of the development of the structure of the nominative pronouns (he), (she), (them), (taa), and (waw) between dialects and towards classical Arabic, by analyzing the structure of these pronouns into their components. Its linguistic formulas are traced from the ancient Arabic texts, and by ancient I mean the texts of the era of linguistic ci

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