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Measuring The Impact of Water Scarcity on Agricultural Economic Development in Iraq
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Water provision is sensitive to climate change, and agricultural production and food supply are sensitive to water availability. Water scarcity affects food security and agricultural economic development through changes in agricultural production and changes in the composition of produced goods. Recent droughts also led to a decrease in the volume of water allocated to agriculture, which led to a decrease in total agricultural production and exports, and this has subsequent impacts on food security and economic development. The research aimed to measure the impact of water scarcity on agricultural economic development for the period 1990-2022. The research included three behavioral equations with three endogenous variables: the cultivated area, the value of agricultural output, and the value of gross domestic product, and four exogenous variables: the amount of available water, agricultural labor, and the value of agricultural investments and the income of other sectors, the studied model is called the sequential model, which was estimated using the Recursive method, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results indicated that increasing the amount of available water will lead to an increase in the cultivated areas by 141,129.2 dunums, and that increasing one thousand dunums of the cultivated area will increase agricultural output by 0.00821, and that agricultural labor is inversely proportional to agricultural output. It became clear that if the income of the rest of the sectors increased by one unit, the domestic product would increase by 0.1873. Water scarcity will reduce cultivated areas, which in turn will decrease agricultural output, causing the value of agricultural output to decrease and its contribution to the gross domestic product to decrease. In turn, it will have serious repercussions on agricultural economic development. Therefore, the research recommends the necessity of integrated water management and improving the efficiency of its use, as well as the application of modern technologies in agriculture, such as sprinkler irrigation, hydroponics, and redrawing crop compositions to ensure maximizing the net return per unit of water.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Case Studies In Chemical And Environmental Engineering
Optimization of photocatalytic process with SnO2 catalyst for COD reduction from petroleum refinery wastewater using a slurry bubble photoreactor
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
ESTIMATION OF COEFFICIENTS AND SCALE PARAMETER FOR LINEAR (TYPE 1) EXTREME VALUE REGRESSION MODEL FOR LARGEST VALUES WITH APPLICATIONS
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In this paper we estimate the coefficients and scale parameter in linear regression model depending on the residuals are of type 1 of extreme  value distribution for the largest values . This can be regard as an improvement for the studies with the smallest values . We study two estimation methods ( OLS  & MLE ) where we resort to Newton – Raphson (NR) and Fisher Scoring methods to get MLE estimate because the difficulty of using the usual approach with MLE . The relative efficiency criterion is considered beside to the statistical inference procedures for the extreme value regression model of type 1 for largest values . Confidence interval , hypothesis testing for both scale parameter and regression coefficients

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 05 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Instruction-oriented Intervention for Primipara Women upon Episiotomy and Self-perineal Care at Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital
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Objective: To identify the effectiveness of instruction oriented intervention for primipara women upon episiotomy and self
perineal care.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of instruction-oriented
intervention for primipara women upon episiotomy and self-perineal care. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (60)
primipara mothers was selected from Ibn AL-Balady Pediatric and Maternity Hospital, Al-russafa, Baghdad. The sample
has been divided into two groups; (30) primipara women who were considered as a study group, and another (30) primipara
women who were considered as a control one. The study group was exposed to an instruction-oriented intervention. While,
the

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Study of Removing Methyl Orange Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Zizphus spina-christi Leaf Powder
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In this study, Zizphus spina-christi leaf powder was applied for the adsorption of methyl orange. The effect of different operating parameters on the Batch Process adsorption was investigated such as solution pH (2-12), effect of contact time (0-60 min.), initial dye concentration (2-20 mg/L), effect of adsorbent dosage (0-4.5 g) and effect of temperature (20-50ᵒC). The results show a maximum removal rate and adsorption capacity (%R= 23.146, qe = 2.778 mg/g) at pH = 2 and equilibrium was reached at 40 min. The pseudo- second-order kinetics were found to be best fit for the removal process (R2 = 0.997). Different isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubini-Radushkevich,Temkin)  were applied in this stud

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Nanostructures
Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle Y2O3 Against Serratia Fonticuli and Citrobacter Kasseri Isolated fFrom Cholangitis Patients
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The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the exploration of novel antimicrobial agents. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y₂O₃) have shown potential due to their unique physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities against various pathogens. This study investigates the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles against Serratia fonticuli and Citrobacter koseri, bacteria isolated from cholangitis patients. Bacterial strains were isolated from bile specimens and confirmed using standard microbiological techniques. The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), (SEM), and Frequency transform-infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) were used to characterize YO₃ particles. Using a microdilution technique, the minimum

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Publication Date
Tue May 27 2025
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Chemical Society Of Ethiopia
Preparation, kinetics, and thermodynamic investigation of Janus green dye removal from aqueous solutions using MnO2 nanoparticles as an adsorbent
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In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method and utilized for the adsorption of Janus green dye (JG) from aqueous solutions. The effects of MnO₂ NPs on kinetics and diffusion were also analyzed. The synthesized NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), with XRD confirming the nanoparticle size of 6.23 nm. The adsorption kinetics were investigated using three models: pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and the intraparticle diffusion model. The PSO model provided the best fit (R² = 0.999), indicating that the adsorpti

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of new ligand N-((4-(phenylamino)phenyl)carbamothioyl)acetamide with some Divalent Metal Ion Complexes
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A new ligand N-((4-(phenylamino) phenyl) carbamothioyl) acetamide (PCA) was synthesized by reaction of (4-amino di phenyl amine) with (acetyl isothiocyante) by using acetone as a solvent. The prepared ligand(PCA) has been characterization by elemental analysis (CHNS), infrared(FT-IR),electronic spectral (UV-Vis)&1H,13C- NMR spectra. Some Divalent Metal ion complexes of ligand (PCA) were prepared and spectroscopic studies by infrared(FT-IR), electronic spectral (UV-Vis), molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. The results measured showed the formula ofFall prepared complexes were [M (PCA)2 Cl2] (M+2 = Mn, Co, Ni, CU, Zn, Cd &Hg),the proposed geometrical structure for all complexes wereeoctahedral.

Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal: Aip Conference
Composition, Depiction, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity activities studies of A New Nano-Sized Binuclear Metal (II) Schiff Base complexes
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Abstract In the current contribution, a novel binuclear nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes were prepared from a hexadentate ligand prepared via condensation of 3,3'-Bipyridine-6,6'-dicarbaldehyde , 2-amino-5-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2-Aminophenol .The symmetric ligand (H2DTPE) and its metal complexes were illustrated utilizing various techniques of physicochemical containing magnetic moment, analytical analysis and spectroscopy of mass, IR, 13C and 1H NMR, TGA and UV-Vis. The particles of MO Nanoscale were created from the labeled complex applying the ways of pyrolysis and utilizing methods of XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM, that specified close compatibility with the typical pattern for nanoparticles of NiO, ZnO and appeared the reasonable size in

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 23 2022
Journal Name
Dental Hypotheses
Remineralization of Dentine Caries Using Moringa Oleifera Based Nano-Silver Fluoride: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2017
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Preparation and Physical Properties of Doped CdBa 2-x Sr x Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ Compound
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