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Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers
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Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In Humanities And Educational Sciences
Unlocking the Language of the Heart: A Stylistic Analysis of EmotiveTechniques in Paulo Coelho's By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept
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This paper presents an in-depth stylistic analysis of the linguistic artistry andliterary techniques employed by Paulo Coelho in his novel By the River Piedra ISat Down and Wept. A close reading approach guided by stylistics and linguisticsframeworks reveals Coelho's extensive incorporation of imaginative metaphors,vivid imagery, poetic diction, and resonant symbols across the narrative. Analysisspecifically elucidates how Coelho adeptly manipulates various stylistic features toconvey thematic content, shape characterization, and produce aesthetic impacts.Findings provide critical insights into Coelho’s linguistic mastery and contribute toresearch in stylistics and literary linguistics through rigorous examination of anentire contemporary

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The role of sialic acid in the immune response of patients with acute leukemia Almufaawi the subject and is on treatment Alkamiawi this
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The focus of this research revolves around the importance level of sialic acid in the reasoning of cases, including tumors and then evaluate the patient's response to treatment and its impact on the immune response there are a lot of evidence showing that parts Alkrbu ???????? in peptides sugary and glycoproteins play an important role in Alfalitin life and responsiveness

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Treasury bills to the most important monetary variables in Iraq for the period 1990 – 2013
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The treasury bills one internal government debt instruments in iraq that were used to finance temporary deficits in the government budget, There fore the government resorted to issuing for the purpose of providing liquidity, As well as to invest in productive progects, After that it was financing the budget deficit by the monetary authovity of  the central baalpennek  [the new cash velease] which led to negative effects on the Iraqi econome, Thus we find that the treasury transfers have formed alarge proportion of the gross domestic government debt to finance the deficit ayear ago 2003.                      &nbs

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 30 2014
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Investigations in the sanctity of divine texts and their composition: (Comparative study between the Quran and the Torah)
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The research deals with an important issue that many people are working on, namely the sanctification of the texts on which the timings of the time and the different conditions of the place took place. Do not live up to the ranks of perfection and perfection, and every effort has explanations according to the mind machine, which is not protected by infallibility from error. The great downfall is to put these intellectual efforts in the Bible without separating them from the Word of God. The situation and the place on the adherents of a religion and mixed with the trick of the average individual only to be subject to the words of the teachers of Sharia and docility.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 27 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Impact dimensions the Training process of the in components intellectual capital: Exploratory search in the National Insurance Company
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The concept of training is no longer traditionally understood Limited organize traditional training courses, but has become a strategic choice in the investment and development of human resources system, attic trying to find the answer to the core problem of the study which

is the extent to which the training process, the traditional form that meets the needs of the company the development of intellectual capital.This research aimstostatementof the impact dimensions the training process(training role, support or top management , training programs, modern technology)of the in components Intellectual Capital(Human Capital, Structural Capital, Customer Capital) and provide the top management of the Company for the development of sci

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of the environmental management system on the clean production strategy / case study in Middle Refineries Company
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The aim of this research is to measure and analyze the gap between the actual reality and the requirements of the environmental management system in the middle refineries company/refinery cycle according to ISO14001: 2015, as well as to measure the availability of a clean production strategy and test the relationship and impact between the availability of the requirements of the standard and a clean production strategy for the actual reality in the company.

The research problem was determined by the extent to which the requirements of the environmental management system are applied according to ISO14001: 2015 in the middle refineries company? To what extent are the required clean production strategies ava

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The adoption of ISO 45001: 2018 in the civil aviation establishment test and its accessibility to the standard
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The current research aims to analyze the extent of the adoption of the standards of ISO 45001: 2018 for occupational safety and health management by the General Establishment of Civil Aviation. The research problem was the extent to which the General Establishment of Civil Aviation approved ISO 45001: 2018 for occupational safety and health management. The questionnaire was used as a primary data collection tool, the sample was distributed (50) form, they were selected from the category of employees of the establishment at different levels to represent the research community. Data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS), a number of vector statistical methods were used as well as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, an

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 19 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
THE IMPACT OF TRAINING BASED UPON MERITS IN IMPROVING THE EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE AT THE JORDANIAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS Abstract
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The study aims to identify the impact of competency-based training in its dimensions (skills, cognitive abilities, attitudes, and attitudes) in improving the performance of employees (achievement, strategic thinking and problem solving) in Jordanian university hospitals.

The study based on analytical descriptive method. The study population consisted of the Jordanian University Hospitals, the University Hospital of Jordan and the King Abdullah Hospital, as applied study case. The sample of the study consists of all upper and middle administrative employees of these hospitals; questionnaire distributed all of them and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis were 182 questionnaire.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 08 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Measuring the extent to which Application the criteria Transfer stations (regularity) for the municipalities of Karrada and Shula
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The process of transporting waste from urban areas to sanitary landfill sites requires large amounts of money due to the length and distance. To address this problem, temporary transfer stations were established by the Municipality of Baghdad to reduce the cost of transportation, and for the purpose of preserving the environment in a sustainable manner, standards were set for the establishment of these stations. The two stations of Al-Karrada Municipality and Al-Shula Municipality were chosen as a case study to measure the extent of adopting and applying the standards for establishing substations locally, regionally and internationally, and the most important results were reached Which is that the transforming (regular) stations of the t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Poetics of Mourning and the American Elegy in Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd"
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Walt Whitman adds a poetic twist to the relationship of man’s body, soul with the universe. His inspiration in writing his elegy, "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," draws on aesthetico-political resources. Major amongst these is his leaning towards the American Transcendentalist idea of the "Over-Soul".  The basic topoi in his poems is thus his identification of nature with the soul of man. The idea of the Over-Soul sheds light on the three stages of human loss: suffering, despair, and compensation. Whitman witnessed two political events, the outbreak of the civil war and Abraham Lincoln's death, which were of a particular importance to his life and work: they helped him shape a form and thematic concerns of his own. Buil

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