Abstract Planetary nebulae (PN) represents the short phase in the life of stars with masses (0.89-7) M☉. Several physical processes taking place during the red giant phase of low and intermediates-mass stars. These processes include :1) The regular (early ) wind and the envelope ejection, 2) The thermal pulses during Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB ) phase. In this paper it is briefly discussed how such processes affect the mass range of Planetary Nebulae(PN) nuclei(core) and their evolution, and the PN life time, and fading time for the masses which adopted. The Synthetic model is adopted. The envelope mass of star (MeN ) and transition time (ttr) calculated respectively for the parameter (MeR =1.5,2, 3×10-3 M☉). Another time scale is o

The current research aims to know the relationship between bullying and parental treatment. (200) pupils were selected randomly from the fifth and sixth grades of primary schools.

Two instruments were used. The first was to measure bullying and it included 19 items. To measure parental treatment, the researchers adopted (Aletaby 2001) scale.

Statistical analysis showed that correlation between bullying , wiggle and Firm treatment style was positive Statistically significant .Bulling was correlated negatively with (neglect, careless, and Authoritarian treatment style.

The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of fishbowl strategy as one of the effective learning strategies for intermediate students’ achievement in geography subject. To do this, three classes of second intermediate were chosen from Noor Al-Mustafa School for academic years (2015-2016). (64) Student were selected as a sample that distributed into two equal groups: experimental and control group. The research used the achievement test as an instrument to come up with the finding of the study. The experiment began on Tuesday 13^th of October 2015 and ended on Tuesday 5^th January 2016. Through this time, the researcher taught them the first and second chapter in geography of Arab homeland using fishbowl s

This study aimed to measure  the accounting conservatism  and the lemited factors which  affected on it in the annual financial reports of insurance companies which listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2016, these factors were represented by firm age, firm debt and firm size.

Using the market value model (MV) To book value  ( BV) Beaver and Ryan (2000) The level of the accounting conservatism was measured. The study found that the insurance companies which are listed on the ASE exercise the accounting conservatism when they were  preparing financial reports. And when conducting a process  of the test of the affected of the factors (The age of the

Abstract:

 The research concerned the study of the railway transport sector in selected countries that sought to raise the efficiency of the railway network and develop it, after realizing the importance of this vital sector, which is a link between it and the rest of the other economic sectors.

The research sought to explain the methods, methods and procedures adopted by these countries for the development of the railway sector, and to benefit from these experiments to improve the efficiency of the railway transport sector in Iraq.

The railway transport sector in Iraq suffers from the erosion of railway lines and mobile units such as locomotives, pas

  This research focuses on necessary state to develop and strong the financial sector in Iraq by consider that it is allow  to achieve the financial flexibility and the enough currency to encourage the investment and economic growth , this picture will be coming by take and obligation the international criteria by general agreement on trade in services (GATS) that it is one of agreements of world trade organization (WTO). This mater doing to strong the legal and legislation environment founded international confidential , by it , the institutions and financial sector in Iraq will be more active.

The human being is a social being and human communication is a fundamental axis in the process of social interaction, and the characteristic of social shyness grows through the interaction of the individual with his environment. Identifying the level of shyness among university students, and identifying the differences in shyness among university students according to specialization (scientific, humanities). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of shyness based on Zimbardo's theory, and the components that he identified are the (behavioral, cognitive, and emotional components). The validity and reliability were calculated using the Cronbach's alpha method, reaching (0.94), and the scale in

Background: Psychological stress is considered the major etiological factor precipitating myofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders.It is known that stress induce various adaptational responses of physiologic systems. The process includes increase in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which promotes cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol levels.The use of salivary biomarkers has gained increased popularity since collecting samples is non-invasive and painless. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the level of cortisol in saliva among sample of university students having myofacial pain, during the final exam period and whether this finding could have a significa