This research studies the influence of water source on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. Four types of water source were adopted in both mixing and curing process these are river, tap, well and drainage water (all from Iraq-Diyala governorate). Chemical analysis was carried out for all types of the used water including (pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Turbidity, chloride, total suspended solid (TSS), and sulfates). Depending on the chemical analysis results, it was found that for all adopted sources the chemical compositions was within the ASTM C 1602/C 1602M-04 limits and can be satisfactorily used in concrete mixtures. Mixture of high strength concrete for compressive strength of (60 MPa) was designed and checked using water-to-cement ratio of 0.37, 400.5 kg cement with 10% replacement of SF (Silica Fume), 607 kg sand, 1147 kg gravel and 0.85 lit /100 kg of cement of SP (Supper Plasticizer). Five ages were adopted to measure the compressive strength these are (7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 120) days. The results indicated that the strength of concrete at different ages was affected by the adopted water source especially on the period (28-90) days. There was a reduction on the compressive strength varies between ( - 3 5.8) % and (3-1.5) % for both river and well water source which is belong to the effect of chlorides.
Cooling towers is one of the most important unit in industry, they are used to dispose heat from cooling media used in the integrated units. The choice of the cooling media plays recently an important rule due to fresh-water scarcity. The use of saline as a cooling media become of growing interest, but the corrosion problem has to be taken in consideration. In this study the simultaneous effect of cooling tower operation parameters on the corrosion rate of mild-steel is considered. The role of NaCl content is found to be pronounced more than the working solution temperature and flowrate. The corrosion of mild-steel in these studied factors had shown an interesting result especially with the NaCl% content. Firstly, there was an increase in t
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In this paper, CdS/Si hetrojunction solar cell has been made by
Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) of CdS thin film on to
monocrystalline silicon substrate. XRD measurements approved that
CdS film is changing the structure of CdS films from mixed
hexagonal and cubic phase to the hexagonal phase with [101]
predominant orientation. I-V characterization of the hetrojunction
shows good rectification, with high spectral responsivity of 0.41
A/W, quantum efficiency 90%,and specific detectivity 2.9*1014
cmHz1/2W -1 .
ABSTRACT Fifty extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from local high salient soils named Al-Massab Al-Aam in south of iraq and were identified by using numerical taxonomy. Fourty strains were belong to the genus Halobacterium which included Hb. halobium (10%). Hb. salinarium (12.5%), Hb.cutirubrum (17.5%), Hb-saccharovorum (12.5%), Hb. valismortis (10%) and Hb. volcanii (37.5%). Growth curves were determined. Generation time (hr) in complex media and logarithmic phase were measured and found to be 10.37±0.59 for Hb. salinarium. 6.49 ± 0.24 for Hb.cutirubrum. 6.70±0.48 for Hb-valismonis, and 11.24 ± 0.96 for Hb. volcanii
Permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal cracking are the three typical distresses of flexible pavement. Using hydrated lime (HL) into the conventional limestone mineral additive has been widely practiced, including in Europe, to improve the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete and as the result the durability of the constructed pavement. Large number of experimental studies have been reported to find the optimum addition of HL for the improvement on HMA concrete mechanical properties, moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance. Pavement in service is under complex thermomechanical stress-strain conditions due to coupled atmospheric and surrounding environment temperature variation and the traffic loading. To predic
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This paper presents theoretical parametric study of the curvature ductility capacity for reinforced concrete column sections. The study considers the behavior of concrete and reinforcing steel under different strain rates. A computer program has been written to compute the curvature ductility taking into account the spalling in concrete cover. Strain rate sensitive constitutive models of steel and concrete were used for predicting the moment-curvature relationship of reinforced concrete columns at different rate of straining. The study parameters are the yield strength of main reinforcement, yield strength of transverse reinforcement, compressive strength of concrete, spacing of ties and the axial load. The results indicated that hi
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Most approaches to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria concentrate on discovering new antibiotics or modifying existing ones. However, one of the most promising alternatives is the use of bacteriophages. This study was focused on the isolation of bacteriophages that are specific to some of commonly human pathogens namely E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These bacteriophages were isolated from sewages that were collected from four different locations in Kirkuk City. Apart from S. pyogenes, bacteriophages specific to all tested bacteria were successfully isolated and tested for their effectiveness by spot test. The most effective
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Seeds of Nigella sativa were sown in containers containing 15kg Loamy soil. The seeds were divided before sewing into two groups. The first group was soaked with ordinary tap water end the second group was treated with magnetized water for 24hrs. The irrigation process was completed until 75% of capacity field with two types of water (tap water of magnetized water with three replications).The magnetized water was obtained from special electric device designed for this purposeRecorded measurements (plants height, the number of branches/ plant, dry weight ofplant, number of flowers, 1000 seed weight) during the harvest period.Results indicated that the seed group which was treated with magnetized water was more significant than the one which
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In this research an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied for the prediction of Ryznar Index (RI) of the flowing water from WTPs in Al-Karakh side (left side) in Baghdad city for year 2013. Three models (ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3) have been developed and tested using data from Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat Baghdad) including drinking water quality for the period 2004 to 2013. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use an artificial neural networks in predicting the stability index (RI) with a good degree of accuracy. Where ANN 2 model could be used to predict RI for the effluents from Al-Karakh, Al-Qadisiya and Al-Karama WTPs as the highest correlation coefficient were obtained 92.4, 82.9 and 79.1% respe
... Show MoreTwo years field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Fields, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Al-Jadriya during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to determine the effect of salinity of irrigation water on growth and grain yield of three oat cultivars. The experiments were laid out according to randomized complete blocks design having split plot arrangements with two factors; first factor included three oat cultivars (Shifaa, Hamel and Pimula) while the second factor included three levels of salinity of irrigation water (3, 6 and 9 dS.m-1 ) in addition to the control (river water with salinity level of 1.164 dS.m-1 ) with three replicates. Results revealed a significant effect of salinity of irrigation water on all studied traits. Mea
... Show MoreTherapeutic contact lenses TCLs is an approach used to enhance corneal residence time and reduce frequent instillation, which is a problem with eye drops. The problem with CLs is loading of hydrophobic drugs. In this research the CLs were prepared with molecular imprinting MI to enhance the loading of itraconazole, which is used as antifungal drug for fungal keratitis. CLs using different concentration of hydroxyethyl methacrylate HEMA and methacrylic acid MAA were prepared with and without MI using PEGDA (25 μL) and AIBN (37 mg) as crosslinker and initiator respectively. All the prepared CLs were clear and have good folding endurance. MICLs had significantly higher drug loading compared to conventional CLs. The release of i
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