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An Effect of Al on the Properties of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Thin Film
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Abstract<p>Zinc-indium-selenide ZnIn<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) ternary chalcopyrite thin film on glass with a 500 nm thickness was fabricated by using the thermal evaporation system with a pressure of approximately 2.5×10<sup>−5</sup> mbar and a deposition rate of 12 Å/s. The effect of aluminum (Al) doping with 0.02 and 0.04 ratios on the structural and optical properties of film was examined. The utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to showcase the influence of aluminum doping on structural properties. XRD shows that thin ZIS-pure, Al-doped films at RT are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and preferred (112) orientation. Where the degree of crystallinity is raised. The effect of Al content on surface roughness and average diameter was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that both surface roughness and average diameter increased with an increasing Al ratio until they reached their maximum values of 12.93 nm and 61.56 nm, respectively. Optical characteristics of ZIS thin film and the impact of aluminum on optical parameters have been investigated, and it was found that the optical energy (<inline-formula> <tex-math></tex-math> <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow> <mi>opt</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), both the real (ε<sub>r</sub>) and imaginary (ε<sub>i</sub>) components of the dielectric constant have values of (1.8 eV), (3.11×10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>), (0.111), (2.3), (5.36), and (0.517), respectively, for ZIS thin films at an Al ratio equal to 0.04.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2022
Journal Name
Monatshefte Für Chemie - Chemical Monthly
Al-, Ga-, and In-decorated BP nanotubes as chemical sensors for 2-chloroethanol
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B3LYP density functional is utilized for probing the effect of decorating Al, Ga, and In on the sensing performance of a boron phosphide nanotube (BPNT) in detecting the 2-chloroethanol (CHE) molecule. We predict that the interaction of pure BPNT with CHE is physisorption, and the sensing response (SR) of BPNT is approximately 6.3. The adsorption energy of CHE is about − 26.3 to − 91.1, − 96.6, and − 100.3 kJ/mol, when the Al, Ga, and In metals are decorated on the BPNT surface, respectively. This indicates that the decorated metals significantly strength the interaction. Also, the corresponding SR meaningfully rises to 19.4, 41.0, and 93.4, indicating that by increasing the atomic number of metals, the sensitivity i

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect of applying the CAMEL model to profitability of banks )An applied study on a number of Iraqi banks for the period 2010-2016(
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The evaluation of banks plays an important role in maintaining the interests of customers with the bank as well as providing continuous supervision and control by the Central Bank. The Central Bank of Iraq conducted an assessment of the Iraqi banks through the implementation of the CAMEL model during a certain period. This evaluation did not continue. The research provides continuity to the Central Bank's assessment and as a step to continue the evaluation process for all banks through the use of the CAMEL model. ROA and ROE by using the regression model for four Iraqi banks registered in the Iraqi market for securities during the period 2010-2016. The results showed that the capital and profitability indicators have a significan

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employing the Psychological Dimension of Sound in the Cinematic Film: أنور عبد شاطي
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         This research deals with the audio part of the cinematic film, which is the sound and its elements inside the space of the cinema picture. It also deals with the psychological side of the sound and the effects made by the sound on the audience through the carefully studied use of the film maker in employing the sound and the picture. For the importance of this element, most of the directors were aware of the seriousness that sound causes to the cinematography, and consequently working as a whole such as the  indications, meanings, symbols, metaphors ,transitions…etc. The research included the methodological framework which consists of the research problem, in which the researcher ma

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employing the elements of film construction in embodying the style cinematically: عامر الحديثي
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The researcher concluded that it consists of several types of structures, where the intellectual structure related to the choice of the idea, its treatment, its effect, the choice of the topic, the way ideas are addressed and presented in the film, and then the dramatic structure of the film's characters, the formulation of its events, its dramatic composition, its temporal arrangement, the identification of the parties to the conflict and their management, then these are formulated. Visions and ideas through the visual and audio signal systems, which work to highlight the stylistic features in the character of the film director.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2009
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Complexeation Behavior of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and CdII Ions Toward Schiff Base Derived From 2, 4-Dihydroxy Benzaldehyde and O-Phenylene Diamin
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The aim of this work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new tertra dentate ligand (H4L) containing (N and O) as donor set atoms kind (N2O2) where: H4L=Bis-1,2 (2,4- dihydroxybenzylediene phylinediamine . The preparation of ligand contains reaction 2, 4 - Dihydroxy benzaldehyde and o-phenylene diamine . Schiff base was reacted with some metal ions in the presence of methanol to give the complexes in the general formula [M (H2L)] where: MII = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods I.R , U.V.-Vis, metal content and molar conductivity measurements, showed that the complexes are non-electrolyte. The proposed geometry for all of the proposed complexes was a tetrahedral while Ni complex was squa

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 08 2009
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Complexeation Behavior of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and CdII Ions Toward Schiff Base Derived From 2, 4 -Dihydroxy Benzaldehyde and O-Phenylene Diamine
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bstract The aim of this work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new tertra dentate ligand (H4L) containing (N and O) as donor set atoms kind (N2O2) where: H4L=Bis-1,2 (2,4- dihydroxybenzylediene phylinediamine . The preparation of ligand contains reaction 2, 4 - Dihydroxy benzaldehyde and o-phenylene diamine . Schiff base was reacted with some metal ions in the presence of methanol to give the complexes in the general formula [M (H2L)] where: MII = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods I.R , U.V.-Vis, metal content and molar conductivity measurements, showed that the complexes are non-electrolyte. The proposed geometry for all of the proposed complexes was a tetrahedral while Ni complex

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 06 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Discrete Mathematical Sciences And Cryptography
Some parameters for the resize graph of G2(4)
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Topological indices provide important insights into the structural characteristics of molecular graphs. The present investigation proposes and explores a creative graph on a finite group G, which is known as the RIG. This graph is designated as ΓRS G2(4) indicating a simple undirected graph containing elements of G. Two distinct ertices are regarded as nearly the same if and only if their sum yields a non-trivial involution element in G. RIGs have been discovered in various finite groups. We examine several facets of the RIG by altering the graph through the conjugacy classes of G. Furthermore, we investigate the topological indices as applications in graph theory applying the distance matrix of the G2(4) group.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 31 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Babylon University/pure And Applied Sciences/
An Evaluation of the Effect of Bleaching Agent on Microhardness of a New Silorane-Based Restorative System and Methacrylate-Based Restorative Material
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Abstract Rasha Hameid Jehad Baghdad University Background: The high reactivity of hydrogen peroxide used in bleaching agents have raised important questions on their potential adverse effects on physical properties of restorative materials. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of in-office bleaching agents on the microhardness of a new Silorane-based restorative material in comparison to methacrylate-based restorative material. Materials and method: Forty specimens of Filtek™ P90 (3M ESPE,USA) and Filtek™ Supreme XT (3M ESPE, USA) of (8mm diameter and 3m height) were prepared. All specimens were polished with Sof-Lex disks (3M ESPE, USA). All samples were rinsed and stored in incubator 37˚C for 24 ho

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The artistic treatment of the expatriate character in the fictional film: آسيا جبار خلف
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Although cinema is moving towards art, it has dealt with the character since the beginning of the discovery of cinematic art in films such as (Doctor Caligari's cabin) and most German expressive films in the third decade of the twentieth century, but the interest of cinema is growing in the estranged human personality, meaning that this character It lives by its alienation from the environment and society that surrounds it, because our present days have witnessed on the material and moral level more social breakdowns such as wars and disasters, and the sharp contradiction in the social and economic level of people themselves or between different societies, or between the individual and his community, and new social relations have increas

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Association Of Arab Universities For Studies And Engineering Researches
Dewatering Effect on Virtual Settlement of Pile Foundation: Case Study in Bab Al-Mudham Area, Baghdad-Iraq
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The need for Dewatering is very important in construction workshops field and sometimes it needs to pay more attention as a result of its impacts on causing additional settlement of nearby pile foundations. Dewatering construction may become a costly topic if ignored during project planning and designing .In this paper a simplified procedure maybe adopted to calculate the foundation settlement induced by using dewatering system which is required to lower the water table level to reach a dry condition during construction. Synthesized case study adopted at a specified location in Baghdad city and analysis are computed for two types of piles both of them are submerged with water. Results shows the effect of dewatering on pile foundatio

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