Background: This research identified Streptococci spp. depending on culture, biochemistry, the VITEK technique, ability to produce biofilms, and antibiotic resistance. Aim: The goal of this study was to perform microbiological procedures to evaluate the qualitative qualities of mozzarella cheese against infective Streptococci using microbiological care. Methods: Sixty (60) mozzarella cheese samples were brought from diverse markets in Baghdad from October 2023 to December 2023 at the Zoonoses Research Unit and Veterinary Public Health Department, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Baghdad. Culture of samples on agar (MacConkey and blood) and aerobically incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Gram staining purified colonies to notice Gram-positive cocci arranged in strings that were supposed to be Streptococcus species, and then sub cultured on nutrient agar for identification using the VITEK technique. The isolates were tested for their capacity to lyse human red blood cells by streaking blood agar and incubating at 37°C for 24 hours. Streptococcal isolates were streaked on a Congo-red medium. All isolates were inspected for antibiotic susceptibility using 15 common antibiotics via the disc diffusion method. Results: Isolates mozzarella cheese samples 8 (13.3%), these (eight) isolates include: (Streptococcus thoraltensis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus cremoris, and Streptococcus alactolyticus. The susceptibility of S. thoraltensis, S. sanguinis, and S. alactolyticus was (26.6%), and S. cremoris (20%) to all antibiotics. Resistance of S. thoraltensis was (53%), S. sanguinis, S. alactolyticus were (66%), and S. cremoris was (73%) to all antibiotics. S. thoraltensis, S. cremoris, and S. alactolyticus were susceptible (75%) to Amikacin. S.sanguinis and S. cremoris were susceptible (50%) to Tigecycline. Streptococcus thoraltensis and S. alactolyticus were susceptible (50%) to Doxycycline. Streptococcus sanguinis and S. alactolyticus were susceptible (50%) to Ciprofloxacin. Streptococcus thoraltensis and S. sanguinis were susceptible (50%) to Azithromycin. Streptococcus sanguinis was susceptible (25%) to vancomycin. Streptococcus alactolyticus was susceptible (25%) to Streptomycin. Streptococcus thoraltensis was susceptible (25%) to Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid. S. cremoris was susceptible (25%) to Penicillin. All isolates were 100% resistant to imipenem, lincomycin, meropenem, methicillin, and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: Analysis of mozzarella cheese samples identified four predominant Streptococcus species and their antibiotic activity.
Animal fats are a good, promising and ethical alternative source for biodiesel production, but they need more complex treatments than vegetable oils. Iraqi butchery plants waste fats (sheep fat) which are suggested as feedstock to produce biodiesel. This type of fat contains a large quantity of free fatty acids (FFAs) (acid number 49.13 mg KOH/g of fat). The direct transesterification of such fats produce high amount of soap instead of desired biodiesel, so a pre-treatment step (to reduce FFAs) is necessary before transesterification. This step was done by esterification of the free fatty acids in the fat by adding ethanol and using 1% acid catalyst (H2SO4) for 30 minutes. The results showed that the acid number of sheep fat after pre-tr
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In this research, radon concentrations in some types of healthy drinking water samples available in Iraq's market were measured using a technique called Durridge RAD-7-H2O with closed loop. Then the rate of annual effective dose in human taken this water is determined.
It was found that, radon concentrations in studied samples ranged between 1.2 Bq.m-3 to 142 Bq.m-3. The results of the radon concentrations and the rate of annual effective dose for drinking water samples were significantly lower than the USEPA and WHO recommended limits that equal 500 Bq/m3 and 1 mSv/y resp
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The main idea of this paper is to define other types of a fuzzy local function and study the advantages and differences between them in addition to discussing some definitions of finding new fuzzy topologies. Also in this research, a new type of fuzzy closure has been defined, where the relation between the new type and different types of fuzzy local function has been studied
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A discussion about the repercussions of the exchange rate on the behavior of stock markets became one of the basic principles of financial economics. The Istanbul Stock Exchange , considered one of the fastest financial markets growing in the region, driven by solid economic activity, for a diversified economy which classified as one of the the fastest growing economies in the world. However, the aforementioned market witnessed sharp fluctuations in the past few months, coinciding with the continuous fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Turkish lira, posing a serious challenge to the economic and investment environment in a c
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The optimum conditions for production of fibrinolytic protease from an edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus grown on the solid medium , Sus medium, composed of Sus wastes (produced from extracted medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra) were determined. Addition of 5% of Soya bean seeds meal in Sus medium recorded a maximum fibrinolytic protease activity resulting in 7.7 units / ml. The optimum moisture content of Sus medium supplemented with 5% Soya bean seeds meal was 60% resulting in 7.2 units / ml.Pleurotus ostreatus produced a maximum fibrinolytic protease activity when the spawn rate,pH of medium and incubation temperature were 2,6 and 30°C, respectively. The maximum fibrinolytic protease activity was 7.6 units / ml when incubat
... Show MoreThe increasing level of residents’ requirements of the local community led to the necessity for sufficient local funding to satisfy the residents’ requirements and services of the local units affiliated with the decentralized administrative systems on the one hand, and to the role of local financing in the financial independence of local units on the other hand.With the presence of local financing, the financial independence of local units is achieved and is considered one of the conditions for financial independence, which is the provision of local financing to the units away from central support. The study focused in this research to clarify the concept of local financing for local units with a statement of its conditions and importan
... Show MoreMoisture damage is one of the most significant troubles that destroy asphaltic pavement and reduces road serviceability. Recently, academics have noticed a trend to utilize fibers to enhance the efficiency of asphalt pavement. This research explores the effect of low-cost ceramic fiber, which has high tensile strength and a very high thermal insulation coefficient, on the asphalt mixture's characteristics by adding three different proportions (0.75%, 1.5%, and 2.25%). The Marshall test and the Tensile Strength Ratio Test (TSR) were utilized to describe the impact of ceramic fiber on the characteristics of Marshall and the moisture susceptibility of the hot mix asphalt mixture. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microsc
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Durability of hot mix asphalt (HMA) against moisture damage is mostly related to asphalt-aggregate adhesion. The objective of this work is to find the effect of nanoclay with montmorillonite (MMT) on Marshall properties and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture. Two types of asphalt cement, AC(40-50) and AC(60-70) were modified with 2%, 4% and 6% of Iraqi nanoclay with montmorillonite. The Marshall properties, Tensile strength ratio(TSR) and Index of retained strength(ISR) were determined in this work. The total number of specimens was 216 and the optimum asphalt content was 4.91% and 5% for asphalt cement (40-50) and (60-70) respectively. The results showed that the modification of asphalt cement with MMT led to increase Marsh
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