Objective:This study involved synthesis of a new series of different five-membered heterocyclic derivatives, testing their antioxidant activity, and examining their potential in vitro antimicrobial agents. Methods: The synthesis of the derivatives involved a three-step process. Initially, succinyl chloride was reacted with methanol, followed by a reaction with 80% hydrazine hydrate through a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism, resulting in the formation of succinohydrazide (I). This compound was then employed as a precursor for the synthesis of Schiff bases (II), and (III) by reacting it with m-nitro benzaldehyde and p-nitro benzaldehyde. Following this, a ring closure reaction was applied using thioglycolic acid, glycolic acid, and glycine, resulting in the synthesis of different five-membered heterocyclic rings (IV–IX). Results and Discussion: The formation of the prepared derivatives was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Comparative analysis with L-ascorbic acid as a standard revealed that all the prepared compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the tested derivatives showed moderate activity against both positive and negative types of bacteria, when compared to the reference drug Ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the antifungal test showed moderate activity for all the tested compounds against a specific pathogenic fungus, with Clotrimazole being as the reference drug. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was found to be dependent on the type of heterocyclic rings containing S, O, and N atoms. These atoms were observed to enhance antimicrobial activity by donating electrons and becoming active. Additionally, the presence of active functional groups such as C=O, NO2, and C=N contributed to this observed result. Conclusions: All of the synthesized compounds have demonstrated excellent antioxidant agents. Most of them have shown promising antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria strains, and effectiveness against a pathogenic fungus.
The purpose of the current research is to identify the most important problems that primary school students suffer from inside and outside the classroom from the point of view of their teachers. A sample of (100) male and female teachers was chosen from the Rusafa\ second Directorate for the academic year (2018-2019). The research tool was prepared after reviewing literature related to the issue of problems and difficulties facing students or students in the school stage and even at university. The researcher reached several results that were discussed in the fourth chapter, with a set of conclusions based on the results of the research, and come up with several recommendations and suggestions.
Abstract
This study is aim to :
- Put a standard to evaluate the altruistic behavior in kindergarten children.
- Know level of the altruistic behavior in the kindergarten children according to their mother "s points of view.
- Know the level of the altruistic behavior in the kindergarten children according to their teacher "s points of view.
- The differences in the level of altruistic behavior in kindergarten children between their mothers & teachers points of view.
The sample consists of (120) children of kindergarten children in Baghdad. The researcher has built a to
... Show Morethis research is to identify the level of information awareness of the chemistry students in their fourth year studying at Ibn Al-Haytham Education College of pure sciences at the University of Baghdad. The research sample consisted of (107) male and female students out of the total number of (153) students studying during the (2017-2018) academic year, The sample therefore represents 71% of the total students. The research methodology used consisted of two parts. The first part is concerned with measuring information awareness using a multiple choice type of test related to (40) issues. The students were required to select the between (5) alternative answers for each issue. The objectives of the test and the issues used are to measure the
... Show MoreThe essay discusses how different environmental factors affect plant growth by explaining how each factor affects the physiological processes within the plant. The essay begins by explaining the effect of temperature on plant growth, as high or low temperatures can significantly affect the rate of photosynthesis and lead to a reduction in water and nutrient absorption. It also discusses the light intensity impacting plants because the more appropriate the light intensity is, the more enhanced the plant's photosynthesis ability, and in the excess or insufficient light condition, the growth can be inhibited. Additionally, the article outlines the effect of water shortage on the plant because this leads to the closure of stomata to avoid water
... Show MoreSn(II) complex of the type, [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was synthesized by the interaction of Sulfamethoxazole ligand and Tin Chloride, the complex was confirmed on the basis of results of elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, molar conductance (Ëm). The elemental analysis data, suggests the stoichiometry to be 1:2 (metal: ligand) and determination of the formula of a coordination a complex formed between the Sn(II) ion and the SMZ using Job’s method of continuous variations. The study of (Ëm), indicated the electrolytic nature type 1:2. The [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-ve (Escherichia coli and Gram+ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and (Candida albicans) antifungal. The IR spectral data suggested that the coordination sit
... Show MoreNeed organizations today to move towards strategic thinking which means analyzing situations faced by particular challenges of change in the external environment, which makes it imperative for The Organization That to reconsider their strategies and orientations and operations, a so-called re-engineering to meet those challenges and pressures, to try to achieve improvement root in the installation of the organization and methodscompletion of its work towards achieving high levels of performance and that is reflected to achieve its objectives, and this is what aims to Current search to deal with implications characteristics of strategic thinking in the stages of application re-engineering business of the company General Industries
... Show MoreIn this study, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles were synthesized by an easy and eco-friendly technique (green synthesis) using green tea leaves (Camillia sinensis), Nanoparticles were analyzed using structural and optical analysis, the X-ray pattern showed that Titanium Dioxide NPs had a tetragonal structure with (Face Centered Tetragonal) FCT crystal structure, the UV-visible recorded an absorbance peak near 350 nm and calculated energy band gap was 3.5 eV, all measurements were proved the purity and Nano size of prepared Nanoparticles. Biochemical parameters evaluation also mentioned in this research, these analyzes showed that Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles in particular dose (50 mg/kg) have the ability to reduce blood glucose
... Show MoreText Clustering consists of grouping objects of similar categories. The initial centroids influence operation of the system with the potential to become trapped in local optima. The second issue pertains to the impact of a huge number of features on the determination of optimal initial centroids. The problem of dimensionality may be reduced by feature selection. Therefore, Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) was employed as Feature Selection to reduce the unimportant words from the text. In addition, the current study has integrated a novel clustering optimization technique called the WDO (Wasp Swarm Optimization) to effectively determine the most suitable initial centroids. The result showed the new meta-heuristic which is WDO was employed as t
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