Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They are generally used to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information on the effect of biocide on efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine the influence of biocide on biofilm development and efflux pump acrA and ramA gene expression. Methodology: The microtiter plate method was used to identify biofilm development in 80 isolates of K. pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of three biocides (quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorohexidine digluconate, and chloroxylenol) were estimated. The effect of QAC on the intensity and viability of biofilms was investigated as well. Its influence on biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. For each isolate, gene expression of the acrA and ramA was evaluated before and after treatment with the biocide (at ½MIC). Results: The study revealed that 60% of isolates formed moderate biofilms. Biofilms of all isolates were inhibited by QAC at high concentrations. Moreover, QAC at ½MIC downregulated the gene expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA). Conclusion: Biofilms of all isolates were prevented by QAC at high doses. Furthermore, QAC at ½MIC decreased the expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA).
With the increase in competition between insurance companies in addition to the increasing numbers in the number of insurance companies, whose number decreased to (32) private companies until the end of the year (2020). The blue ocean at the level and its effects on increasing the market share. Therefore, the two researchers tested the hypothesis and the research concluded that there is a relationship A .Also the researcher put some recommendations the most prominent is that the invention is considered one of the successful strategies an d the company has to encourage the employees according to inventive thoughts
Background: Oral SCC is a complex malignancy where environmental factors, viral infections and genetic alterations most likely interact, and thus give rise to the malignant condition. The HSP70 play a direct role in apoptosis inhibition by aligning the improved integrity of a cell’s proteins with the improved chances of that particular cell’s survival.P21 gene produces p21 protein which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare the immun-histochemical expression of the HSP70 and cell cycle protein p21in NOM, OED, and OSCC. Correlate both marker expressions with each other. Materials and methods: Forty six formalin-fixed, par
... Show MoreThe function of internal auditing has become an important function that aims at achieving objectives that are compatible with these developments and changes that have occurred in many countries in the world, which required the emergence of professional associations and institutes in the profession of internal auditing. Improve the guideline of the internal audit units issued by the Federal Audit Bureau to enhance the efficiency of internal audit performance in Iraqi government units. The researchers adopted the statistical method of proving the hypothesis by constructing a questionnaire that included three main axes: supporting the senior management in adopting the current guide, and the second being the importance of improving t
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identifying the results of the clubs participating in the men's Volleyball Premier League for the period from (1991) to (2022), archive the results of the Iraqi clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League for men for the period from (1991) to (2022), and diagnosing and analyzing the causes of fluctuation in the participation of some Iraqi clubs in the Premier League for men for the period from (1991) to (2022). The nature of the research necessitated that the researcher use the historical approach or the so-called documentary approach, taking advantage of the historical development that took place for the participation of Iraqi clubs for men in the Premier League from (1991) until 2022), the last league h
... Show MoreThe research aims to study the basic concepts of the underwriting policy with its various indicators. The researcher studies the underwriting policy with its various indicators (sex, health status, age of the insured, insurance amount, The method of acceptance, payment method, and duration of insurance) where each of these indicators constitute an important factor in the productivity of life insurance policies, where the productivity of life insurance policies face many difficulties because insurance is a service and not a tangible material commodity and its benefits and not current. Therefore, the life insurance company needs to use a prudent underwriting policy so as not to endanger its financial position due to the expansion of the un
... Show MoreThe subject of the strategic vision is of great importance to all companies because they live in an environment of rapid change in various areas of life. Supports the performance of its operations in a better way, towards appropriate strategic growth and achieving success. The research aims to determine the level of interest of the researched company in the research variables (strategic vision and growth strategy), and the importance of the research came in being an attempt to provide the theoretical and scientific foundations for the research variables (strategic vision and growth strategy). As for the research method, it was relied on the descriptive analytical method, relying on the questionnaire as a means of obtaining data from the
... Show MoreAutorías: Omar Saeed Sabbar, Ali Mousa Jawad, Maher Amer Jabbar. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 3, 2023. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
The duration of the contract is a legal term first provided for in French Amendment Decree No. 131/2016, and given the increasing importance of time in contracts, we have chosen to study the legal rules governing time at the formative stage by drawing on changes in French law compared to both Iraqi and Egyptian laws. Article 1102 of French Amendment Decree No. 131/2016 stipulates that: "Everyone is free to contract or not to contract, to choose the person with whom he contracts, and to determine the content and form of the contract within the limits established by law." Contractual freedom does not permit a breach of the rules relating to public order), as well as article 1104, which provides for (contracts must be nego
... Show MoreThe objective of the research , is to shed light on the most important treatment of the problem of missing values of time series data and its influence in simple linear regression. This research deals with the effect of the missing values in independent variable only. This was carried out by proposing missing value from time series data which is complete originally and testing the influence of the missing value on simple regression analysis of data of an experiment related with the effect of the quantity of consumed ration on broilers weight for 15 weeks. The results showed that the missing value had not a significant effect as the estimated model after missing value was consistent and significant statistically. The results also
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