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Downregulation of the Gene Expression of Efflux Pump Gene (acrA) and its Regulator (ramA) in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They are generally used to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information on the effect of biocide on efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine the influence of biocide on biofilm development and efflux pump acrA and ramA gene expression. Methodology: The microtiter plate method was used to identify biofilm development in 80 isolates of K. pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of three biocides (quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorohexidine digluconate, and chloroxylenol) were estimated. The effect of QAC on the intensity and viability of biofilms was investigated as well. Its influence on biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. For each isolate, gene expression of the acrA and ramA was evaluated before and after treatment with the biocide (at ½MIC). Results: The study revealed that 60% of isolates formed moderate biofilms. Biofilms of all isolates were inhibited by QAC at high concentrations. Moreover, QAC at ½MIC downregulated the gene expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA). Conclusion: Biofilms of all isolates were prevented by QAC at high doses. Furthermore, QAC at ½MIC decreased the expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA).

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis of new five-membered hetrocyclic compounds from 2-furfuryl mercaptan derivative and evaluation of their biological activity
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A theoretical and protection study was conducted of the corrosion behavior of carbon steel surface with different concentrations of the derivative (Quinolin-2-one), namly (1-Amino-4,7-dimethyl-6-nitro-1H-quinolin-2-one (ADNQ2O)). Theoretically, Density Functional Theory (DFT) of B3LYP/ 6-311++G (2d, 2p) level was used to calculate the optimized geometry, physical properties and chemical inhibition parameters, with the local reactivity to predict both the reactive centers and to locate the possible sites of nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, in vacuum, and in two solvents (DMSO and H2O), all at the equilibrium geometry. Experimentally, the inhibition efficiencies (%IE) in the saline solution (of 3.5%) NaCl were studied using potentiomet

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Medical Research & Health Sciences
FLI1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Breast Carcinomas is Correlated with ER, PR and HER2
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FLI1 is a member of ETS family of transcription factors that regulate a variety of normal biologic activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The expression of FLI1 and its correlation with well-known breast cancer prognostic markers (ER, PR and HER2) was determined in primary breast tumors as well as four breast cancer lines including: MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 using RT-qPCR with either 18S rRNA or ACTB (β-actin) for normalization of data. FLI1 mRNA level was decreased in the breast cancer cell lines under study compared to the normal breast tissue; however, Jurkat cells, which were used as a positive control, showed overexpression compared to the normal breast. Regarding primary breast carcinoma

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 06 2016
Journal Name
Al-qadisiyah Journal For Administrative And Economic Sciences
Awareness of the regulatory and administrative leadership and its role in achieving the effectiveness of the internal control system and achieve fair accountability
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The research aims to achieve a set of the most important objectives of the review of the role of creative administrative leadership in achieving aspects of economic reform in various government institutions and indicate the role of supervisory awareness of administrative leadership in the revitalization of the role of the internal control system to achieve the best use of available resources. This paper deals with three problems is the loss of financial resources of the state as a result of the growing phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in the majority of government institutions, and the weakness of the role of the internal control system in the province on the resources available and to achieve the best use of these reso

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 05 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Criminology And Sociology
The Arabic Root and the Peculiarities of Its Language Categorization (Structure and Inflection)
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This article discusses the peculiarities of the Arabic root, its phonemic structure, and morphological categorization. The pure appearance of the Arabic root in language categorization allows you to separate the onomatopoeic feature of inflectional structure and phonetic rules of the Arabic language by which the root is categorized. This phenomenon of meaningful consonant phonemes in the Arabic roots makes the theory of onomatopoeia practicable not just only in Arabic but also in other Semitic languages. Moreover, the first consonant of an Arabic root usually contains the word's primary, essential meaning, and the second and third lookup. Also, in this work, it is noted that the grammar of the Arabic language has many features aimed

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Removal of Phenol Compounds from Aqueous Solution Using Coated Sand Filter Media
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Coated sand (CS) filter media was investigated to remove phenol and 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions in batch experiments. Local sand was subjected to surface modification as impregnated with iron. The influence of process variables represented by solution pH value, contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on removal efficiency of phenol and 4-nitrophenol onto CS was studied. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the adsorption process, and it was found that the Langmuir isotherm effectively fits the experimental data for the adsorbates better than the Freundlich model with the CS highest adsorption capacity of 0.45 mg/g for 4-nitrophenol and 0.25 mg/g for phenol. The CS was found to adsorb 85% of 4-nitrophenol and

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 27 2023
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn: 2789-3219 )
Anticancer Activities of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Containing an Oxygen Atom: A Review
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The purpose of this study is to underline the progression and development of research regarding oxygen-containing heterocycles as well as the contribution that some oxygen-containing heterocycles have made as anticancer medicines. A series of publications about the antitumor effects of derivatives of heterocyclic compounds containing an oxygen atom, such as furan, benzofuran, oxazole, benzoxazole, and oxadiazole, were evaluated, and their anticancer activities showed encouraging results when compared to those of established standard treatments.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Reviews In Medical Microbiology
Expression of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes among Escherichia coli clinical isolates from blood and stool samples
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Objective:

As major nosocomial pathogens, Escherichia coli isolates exhibit antibiotic resistance and also express adhesive structures and antibiotic resistance genes. The objective of this study was the comparison of virulence gene expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli between blood and stool samples.

Methods:

In this study, 20 E. coli clinical isolates (10 ESBL-producers including 5 from blood, 5 from stool sample

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 30 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Impacts
Analysis of the Effect of Heavy Elements in Polluted Industrial Water and its Environmental Treatment: An Applied Study on the Gas Power Plant/ 1 (Central Region) in Southern Baghdad and its Discharge into the Tigris River
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Water produced from power plants is one of the most important sources of water pollution, especially for areas like Baghdad, Contaminated industrial wastewater is a major environmental challenge due to the rapid growth of industries, leading to increased accumulation of harmful pollutants in water resources, the work is intended to study the impact of water generated from a power plant in the south on the level of heavy metals before and after the treatment process and after its discharge to the Tigris River. Objective is to determine the extent of heavy metals such as iron, copper, chromium, and zinc concentration in water extracted from various points and subsequently study the monthly variations of these elements with a view to assessmen

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Detailed feasibility study of the pre-cast reinforced concrete project and its importance in the construction of Iraq
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Purpose:  Providing practical knowledge of the requirements of a detailed feasibility study for selecting the investment project.

Findings:  Directing the private sector towards investing in productive projects - the pre-cast reinforced concrete project - as it achieves a financial return as well as providing Providing foreign currencies by reducing imports and exploiting available natural resources

Practical implications: The importance of a detailed feasibility study to determining whether the project can be implemented or not.

The precast concrete method is one of the best modern c

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
An Instructional Design According to the constructivism Model for Chemistry Subject and Its Effect on the Life Skill by the Second Intermediate Female Students
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The research aims to identify the effect of teaching-learning design based on the constructivism theory on the life skills of middle stage students. The sample consisted of (60) students from one of the middle schools in Baghdad's governorate. The experimental group and control group consisted of 30 students for each group, the research tool was the life skills scale composed of (78) items. The scale proved its validity and reliability, which was found to be (0.85). The results showed a statistically significant difference in life skills between the two groups of research in favor of the experimental group, which studied the educational design according to models of constructivism theory compared to the usual method of teaching.

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