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Downregulation of the Gene Expression of Efflux Pump Gene (acrA) and its Regulator (ramA) in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They are generally used to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information on the effect of biocide on efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine the influence of biocide on biofilm development and efflux pump acrA and ramA gene expression. Methodology: The microtiter plate method was used to identify biofilm development in 80 isolates of K. pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of three biocides (quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorohexidine digluconate, and chloroxylenol) were estimated. The effect of QAC on the intensity and viability of biofilms was investigated as well. Its influence on biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. For each isolate, gene expression of the acrA and ramA was evaluated before and after treatment with the biocide (at ½MIC). Results: The study revealed that 60% of isolates formed moderate biofilms. Biofilms of all isolates were inhibited by QAC at high concentrations. Moreover, QAC at ½MIC downregulated the gene expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA). Conclusion: Biofilms of all isolates were prevented by QAC at high doses. Furthermore, QAC at ½MIC decreased the expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA).

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Captopril in pharmaceutical formulations
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A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of captopril in aqueous solution. The method is based on reaction of captopril with 2,3-dichloro 1,4- naphthoquinon(Dichlone) in neutral medium to form a stable yellow colored product which shows maximum absorption at 347 nm with molar absorptivity of 5.6 ×103 L.mole-1. cm-1. The proposed method is applied successfully for determination of captopril in commercial pharmaceutical tablets.

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Impact of Construction Systems Technology in Contemporary Architectural Product
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This research examines the impact of construction technology systems in contemporary architectural production through the study of the evolution in it systems, construction materials and methods of construction in addition to the digital revolution which provided possibilities of structural and architectural design in creating a distinct architectural product, as considered construction systems technology is the source of creativity in the architectural product, the research is assumed that the construction systems technology have achieved a structural innovation in production through the materials and methods of construction and digital design.
For Long time technology was connected to the

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 08 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
List of Scorpions Recorded For the First Time in Iraq
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 The present study is the first taxonomic study on scorpions in Iraq. The specimens were collected from regions in the middle and south of Iraq, three families, seven genera and eight  species were recorded for the first time in Iraq and one new species of the world. 

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Optimal Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in 0.1M NaCl Solution
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 14 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Bibliographic Analysis on the Financing of Education Reform in Morocco
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The National Charter for Education and Training in 1999 defined the principles, pillars and main objectives of the Moroccan education system, building on the various reforms of the early twenty-first century and the attempt to breathe new life into this reference document. Through partial and incremental changes, a total inability to tackle the root causes of the Moroccan education system and training has been revealed. This research has been conducted to answer the questions of education in the foreground national concerns and priorities in the discourse of the main political actors in Morocco that have been raised and remain interesting and can be expressed in the following question: Morocco still fails to meet the challenge of educati

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Activating Letter of credits under the Swift system in Iraq
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Abstract

               Documentary credits are considered successful means to reduce imports, especially unnecessary imports that lead to the outflow of foreign currency from the country. However, due to the backwardness of the banking methods, the reintroduction of documentary credits after 2003 did not effectively contribute to reducing import rates. This has had a negative impact on the Iraqi economy and made it vulnerable to external markets. Documentary credits are also considered the best way to ensure payment in international trade, providing independent credit support and sufficient security for exporters and importers against commerci

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Penal requirement in the contracts of professional players: comparative study
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          Sport is generally no longer merely a game of entertainment, but it is a work of the player for the sports club contracted by him. The player is no longer regarded as a means of entertainment and physical development, but is seen as an economic Which is to gain a return for the effort, and because of the spread of the phenomenon of professionalism in the field of sports, emerged sporting contracts coupled with penal conditions as a means to regulate the relationship between the player and the sports club is the contract transfer professional player and his loan, and his professional contract, which concerns us in this regard is to address the J Loyalty) contained in the contract betw

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Poetics of Transition in T. S. Eliot's "Ash-Wednesday"
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  1. S. Eliot is one of the important founders of the modernist movement in literature, a cutting-edge poet of the first order. After his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism, he began calling himself a conservative, royal, and a classicist.
  2. "Ash Wednesday" is the first long poem written by him after his conversion. It deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith acquires it. It is richly but ambiguously allusive, and deals with the aspiration to move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation.

    "Ash Wednesday" not only struggles with an approach to faith but with an approach to a language capable of expressing it. Eliot's style is different from that that predates his conve

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Theoretical Study on Heat Transfer in the Presence of Fouling
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The fouling depositions of crude oil stream were studied theoretically in a shell and tube heat exchanger to investigate the effect of depositions on the heat transfer process. The employed heat exchanger was with steam flowing in the inner tubes and crude oil in the shell at different velocities and bulk temperatures. It is assumed that fouling occurs only on the heated stream side (crude oil). The analysis was carried out for turbulent flow heat transfer conditions with wide range of Reynolds number, bulk temperature and time. Many previously proposed models for fouling resistance were employed to estimate a new model for fouling rate. It is found that the fouling rate and consequently the heat transfer coefficient were affected by Rey

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in pharmaceutical formulations
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A sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of glibenclamide in its tablet formulations has been proposed. The method is based on the dissolving of glibenclamide in absolute ethanol and measuring the native fluorescence at 354 nm after excitation at 302 nm. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration of 1.4 to 10 µg.ml-1 of glibenclamide with a limit of detection (LD) of 0.067 µg.ml-1 and a standard deviation of 0.614. The range percent recoveries (N=3) is 94 - 103.

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