Biofilm formation is one of the biggest challenges of scientists. Role of heavy metals in forming biofilm is not clear enough. Here, the effect of lead on biofilm formation by Bacillus spp. isolated from soil in terms of biofilm formation and remove was studied. In present study, 10 isolates of Bacillus spp were isolated from soil. The ability of all isolates to form biofilm was evaluated. The effect of lead on biofilm formation was studied by adding lead (pb) before forming biofilm. In another experiment the lead was added after biofilm formation to study the effect of lead on biofilm remove. The current study, showed the ability of all studied isolates to form biofilm. Maximum biofilm formation by Bacillus spp isolate number 8 (B8) followed by B1 and B3. The lowest biofilm formation was found in case of isolate 4 (B4). The lead (50 ppm) reduced biofilm formation by B8, B1 and B3 isolates when the lead was used before biofilm formation (P <0.05). In another experiment the lead (50 ppm) was added after biofilm formation, it was observed that the biofilm formation was higher when the lead was added (after biofilm formation) as compared with control (serial distilled water) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the lead effect negatively on biofilm formation and positively on stability of biofilm.
The issue of the development of Qur'anic studies for the tasks, and the first thought of minds and multiple understandings, and the most precious ideas, and the alternatives were floated, and varied visions, especially as we live in an era exploding knowledge, and complicate secretions, and scramble his ideas, and to devise intellectual approaches To achieve the witnesses of civilization in the words of the Almighty (to be martyrs on the people) Surat Al - Baqarah / 143 attendance and participation in the achievement and a positive interaction with the participants of humanity and civilization in the light of the meaning (to know) rooms / 13.
Therefore, we must emerge from the one-dimensional view of the Koran to the complex mindset t
Lead remediation was achieved using simple cost, effective and eco-friendly way from industrial wastewater. Phragmitesaustralis (P.a) (Iraqi plant), was used as anovel biomaterial to remove lead ions from synthesized waste water. Different parameters which affected on adsorption processes were investigated like adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and adsorbent particle size, to reach the optimized conditions (maximum adsorption). The adsorption of Pb (?) on (P.a) involved fast and slow process as a mechanism steps according to obey two theoretical adsorption isotherms; Langmuir and Freundlich. The thermos dynamic adsorption parameters were evaluated also. The (?H) obtained positive value that meanes adsorption of lead ions was an endothermic
... Show MoreExperts of Psychology and education emphasized that childhood is one of the most important stages in the formation of human personality, and the most influential in his public life, especially the stage in which he lives within his family, which must provide him with the requirements of healthy growth of physical, emotional, moral and social. Emotional-social connection of the child to his family, is especially important in determining the characteristics of his social character, in accordance with the norms and values prevailing in society. This requires the child to be cared for and cared for, and to deal with him in a healthy social manner. So as to achieve positive growth and harmony in the process of social control in internal
... Show MoreTo study the comparative use of some soil minerals (zeolite, bentonite, phosphate rock, and limestone) in the adsorption and release of lead and its removal rates from its aqueous solutions using adsorption equations. Two laboratory experiments were carried out for the adsorption and release of lead. The adsorption experiment took 0.5 g of some of the above soil minerals. Lead was added as Pb (NO3)2 at levels of 3.0, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.0 mmol L-1 containing a concentration of 0.01M of calcium chloride. The experimental unit’s number was 72, the concentration of dissolved lead in the equilibrium solution was estimated and the amount of lead adsorbed was calculated. As for the lead release experiment, samples fo
... Show MoreConsumer protection requires seeking one official entity to accomplish its tasks. The large number of devices control and implementation in it, return to several ministries, and executive bodies lose coordination and cooperation, and unite efforts to eliminate the types of fraud and control the quality of production within the approved standards. This is in addition to the seriousness of the existence of administrative and legal corruption which hinders the role of inspection committees and representatives of official bodies with the relationship and prevents them from carrying out their duties entrusted to them or presenting them with administrative complications to thwart their duties in consumer protection. This is despite the
... Show MoreBackground: Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that can often affect some patients who suffer from psoriasis. Approximately 40-50% of individuals with psoriatic arthritis have the HLA-B27 genotype
Objective: To investigate whether we could confirm the role of HLA-B27 alleles and psoriatic arthritis in Iraqi Arab Muslims patients.
Method: A cross sectional case control comparative study included thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims who had psoriatic arthritis that consulted the Dermatological and Rheumatological Department in AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital from November 2014 to June 2015. HLA-genotyping for HLA-B27 were assessed. A control group consisted of fifty-one healthy vol
... Show MorePorcelain is one of the most important ceramic materials with a wide range of traditional and technical applications. Since most mixtures of porcelain have a high sintering temperature, bentonite has been added in this research to improve the characteristics of sintering and burning. The porcelain mixture consisted of the following Iraqi raw materials: 30% wt kaolin, 30 wt% non-plastic clay (grog), 10% wt sodium feldspar, 10 wt% potassium feldspar and 20 wt% flint. After the mechanical mixing process and transfer the powder mixture to the slurry by adding distilled water, then different weight percentage of the sodium bentonite(0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10) wt% was added. The specimens were prepared by using the solid casting m
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