The depreciation of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar, reaching low levels and causing disruptions in the local markets, has had detrimental effects on individuals and companies, particularly those with limited income and the poor. The local currency approached around 1600 dinars per dollar, after the official exchange rate had stabilized at around 1450 dinars per US dollar. This depreciation in the value of the Iraqi dinar can be attributed to financial speculation among currency traders, which directly affected exchange rates and illicit dollar smuggling operations. Bank transfers are also important alongside financial transactions, especially in light of current economic developments in the 21st century. To prevent currency smuggling, financial corruption, and money laundering, the Central Bank of Iraq suspended four Iraqi banks, which used to receive half of the central bank's daily sales, based on a recommendation from the US Department of Treasury. Additionally, there has been increased scrutiny on the participating banks in the currency auction, with approximately 35 banks involved. These measures have significantly impacted dollar sales and led to a shortage in the market, resulting in the depreciation of the Iraqi dinar.The significance of this research lies in the impact of bank transfers in the context of fluctuations in exchange rates in the local financial markets in Iraq. The Iraqi economy faces various challenges, including structural imbalances in economic sectors and increased reliance on foreign currency to cover high import demands. The research hypothesis asserts that bank transfers are used as a means to regulate banking operations and achieve monetary stability, which the Central Bank of Iraq seeks amidst exchange rate fluctuations. The aim of the research is to highlight the importance of bank transfers as a study of exchange rate fluctuations in Iraq and to elucidate the role of bank transfers in implementing the new electronic platform program.
A study of some mite species of alfalfa. wheat, and barley was conducted in central Iraq.
The mites were extracted using a tullgren funnel method. Twelve species were recorded. 10 of
them belong to suborder Trombidiformes and 2 belong to suborder Sarcoptiforms. Three
mites, Irnpar(pes hystricinus, Scutacarus longitarsus, and Rhizoglyphus echin opus are new
records for Iraqi mite fauna, and 11 are new host records in alfalfa soil.
Abstract:
The Iraqi economy faces complex economic challenges that threaten the prospects for growth and stability in the short and medium term, The decrease in oil revenues on which Iraq is based in financing its total expenditure, both operational and investment, led to the emergence of a deficit in the government budget, As the global oil price crisis affected the revenues of the Iraqi government negatively, especially as this negative impact coincided with the increase in military spending resulting from Iraq's war against terrorism, Which led to the Iraqi government to implement austerity measures were to reduce public spending on several projects, which are less important compared to projects that a
... Show MoreThe Sebkha of geomorphological aspects of evaporative where climate leads active role, which forms part of the earth's surface in the form of Iraqi Mesopotamia plain who of the most fertile land, and because of natural factors and human Common turned most of the arable land to the territory of Sebkha. It was to determine the exact geomorphological associated of Sebkha formats by field work such as: Alnbaka, lakes, salt flats, and other forms of Small is: bridges salt, mud cracks, salt ponds, Rectangles and polygons salt, Sahaf salt, salt domes, salt gravel, bumps saline (salt points), Ash salt, salt bows, in detail and accurately documented Terrestrial Photogrammetry field and were compared to the levels and standards varieties have been
... Show MoreThe developing countries can be distinguished by spatial disparities and by this a wide gap between urban and rural settlements were produced as well as the appearance of primate cities. The effect of spatial development as a dynamic and continuous process can be perceived in the state of population distribution inside settlements inter and intra regions as well as the hierarchy of urban settlements according to time series. The research proved that the improvement judgment of the structure of the urban system using Gene factor is not accurate because it cannot be accounted for the internal components of the system which make a contrariety between the whole judgment (country) and partial components (Provinces including Sulaimaniy
... Show MoreContext has a significant impact on the interpretation of Qur'anic and literary texts, especially in ancient Arabic poetry since that language is no longer considered as a contemporary understandable language. Hence this research is entitled: (the impact of context on the morphological semantics in the Diwan of Abi Al-Aswad Al-Dau’ali) and the morphological meanings indicated by the morphological formula which lack the combination of other contextual clues. The researcher depended on the analytical approach to show the impact of pairing occurring between the contextual elements on determining the morphological meaning.
The most important findings reached at:
1- Context has a great impact in dispelling the possibilities arising fr
The research aims to apply the activities of the green value chain as one of the modern administrative techniques that economic units resort to develop solutions to the pollution problems that occur due to the activity of economic units and their products that may cause damage to the environment as well as the waste of natural resources and to identify the production of environmentally friendly products and reduce the costs of environmental failure of both types Internal and external that may be borne by economic units such as taxes, fines and compensation due to non- observance of environmental requirements and the preservation of human health and protection of the environment.To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers re
... Show MoreBackground: It had been found that passive smoking may have the same harmful effect as tobacco cigarettes smoking. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of passive smoking on salivary glutathione peroxidase and selenium in relation to dental caries severity. Settings and Design: The sample consisted of 120 children aged 5 years old, classified into four groups according to the number of cigarettes smoked by their fathers daily: Passive smoking children of 5-10 cigarettes, those of 10–15 cigarettes daily, those of 15–20 cigarettes daily and non-passive smoking children of no smokers indoor (the control group). The sample was further classified according to dental caries severity into three groups: mild (DMFS values <4
... Show MoreContamination of the operating theatre is a major cause of nosocomial infection. This report aimed to show the types of microorganisms and their percentages cultivated from operating theatres of 16 health directorates of 14 Iraqi governorates (3 health directorates in Baghdad and 1 in each other 13 governorates) that was reported to the Pollution Control Section at Ministry of Health in Iraq from first of January to the end of June 2018. The data of all health directorates have included cultivation taken from governmental and private hospitals. Duhok, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Nineveh were not involved in this report due to unavailability of their data during the above period. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureu
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