Purpose: The study aims to investigate the extent to which material and non-material requirements are available in applying budgeting programs and performance in Iraqi governmental companies that are not aimed at achieving profits. whose activities are limited to providing services of public interest. This is done by studying the extent to which the requirements of each stage of preparing the programs and performance budget can be met. Theoretical framework: The process of evaluating financial performance is the main objective of all economic units, whether they are governmental or private economic units. Budgets contribute to the evaluation process by analyzing deviations in the application. The study includes an analytical presentation of the importance of balancing programs and performance through criticisms directed at the traditional budget, known as item balancing. Design/methodology/approach: The idea of reforming the Iraqi budget was born in the government as a result of the catastrophic failure of many government projects. After the decline in oil prices, which is the main source of financing public spending. Not to mention the war on ISIS, which made the budget sag with public spending. The study was conducted by relying on the questionnaire form. Which was distributed to a number of auditors, numbering 120 people. The study (Ho, 2018) was relied upon in conducting the applied study. Findings: The results of the survey indicate the weakness of the possibility of applying the program budget in all its six basic stages, as it mainly requires amending the accounting system. This amendment also includes the use of cost accounting as a main element on which this budget is based in order to determine the goal of each program. Research, Practical & Social implications: The traditional budget focuses on what is inevitably spent without focusing on how to manage resources under specific programmes. As a result, these effects have been reflected on many development projects, the completion of which is often delayed. Program and performance budget focuses on the program as a whole, and each program is evaluated according to what was implemented during the year. Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind, which focused on the requirements of applying budget performance in Iraqi government-affiliated companies. With the aim of determining the adoption requirements in a way that can contribute to making recommendations towards the process of adopting this type of budget.
The research aims to know the effectiveness of a training program based on multiple intelligence theory in developing literary thinking among students of the Arabic Language Department at Ibn Rushd School of Humanities and to achieve the goal of research, the Safaris Research Institute, and the research community of Arabic language students in the Faculty of Education the third section of Arabic Language: The research sample consists of (71) students. Divided into (35) students in the experimental group and (36) students in the control group, the researcher balanced between the two groups with variables (intelligence, testing of tribal literary thinking, and time age in months), and after using the T-test for two independent samples, the
... Show MoreThe study aims at explaining the extent to which the principles of educational management reform contribute to Ibn Ashour in achieving educational management reform and the extent to which the pillars of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 in the field of Education in achieving the educational management reform. The study also aims to provide a future vision of what the educational administrative reform and its results should be in the Kingdom during the next ten years. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher followed two approaches: on the theoretical side, he relied on applying the content analysis method. As for the applied side, the researcher adopted the Delphi method by two questionnaires to ask (36) participants from the experts a
... Show MoreThe economical Freedom is consider one of the issues that took great deal of attention in the Islamic economy for its importance in achieving the economical development by granting the acquiring freedom for the individuals in gaining and getting the fruits of their efforts of work and studying where the goal of this freedom is put on end for poverties, unemployment and erect the foundation of social justice .
As for the curriculum which was suitable for this study, it was flying descriptive curriculum and the comparative curriculum, for searching in this subject and by depending on the related resources .
The scientific necessity divided this subject in three inquiries: the first the identification of the economical freedom and its
The decoration structure in calligraphy painting is one of the variables that characterized the structure of the calligraphic composition due to the artistic, aesthetic and expressive properties of the letters of the Arabic calligraphy, which are represented by flexibility, compliance and the ability to form. Therefore, the researcher defined his problem by asking the following question: What is the decorative structure in the calligraphic painting? The study aimed to reveal the structure of the ornamentation in the calligraphy painting, while the researcher dealt with in the second chapter three sections, the first (the ornamental concept and meaning) and the second topic (the structural characteristics of the Arabic letter in the calli
... Show MorePraise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the outcome is for the righteous, and prayers and peace be upon the author of the clear communication, to whom was revealed the saying of the Lord of the worlds (And We have sent down to you the message that you may make clear to the people what has been sent down to them, and that they may reflect.)
His family, companions and followers, as for what follows:
Among the Qur’anic studies related to Islamic matters, ancient and modern, (the clear and similar in the Holy Qur’an), and due to the importance of the topic, we found the attention of scholars to it.
With many studies and research on it, and their efforts in overcoming its major obstacles, you will not find a scho
... Show MoreThe interior spaces were and still represent the changing intellectual physical entity that uses its changing elements to renew its constants in formulas that respond to the needs and requirements, and with the passage of time the interior spaces have become not based on the size and type of their content only, but their design has become a design and artistic value that corresponds to its content and surpasses it with unfamiliar processes. As its designers led the creative of design with a variety of thinking methods from thought to reality to manifest itself in its tangible form, so we conducted a study that dealt with the problem of research, and purpose, and the theoretical framework included two topics, the first: Intellectual luxury a
... Show MoreObjective(s): In the present study, glycerin is used as a substitute for tin-foil and cold mold seal (Alginate mould seal)
in the process of curing heat and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base against stone and plaster.
Methodology: 60 specimens were prepared from heat-cure acrylic resin and cold-cure acrylic resin denture base. The
study includes 12 groups of specimens depending on the type of processing, investment material and type of
separating medium that are used in curing process. Each group of them contains 5 specimens for each test.
Some of physical properties of the processed acrylic denture base that (water sorption and solubility) have been
compared with those processed using tin-foil and tin-foil substitut