Purpose: The study aims to investigate the extent to which material and non-material requirements are available in applying budgeting programs and performance in Iraqi governmental companies that are not aimed at achieving profits. whose activities are limited to providing services of public interest. This is done by studying the extent to which the requirements of each stage of preparing the programs and performance budget can be met. Theoretical framework: The process of evaluating financial performance is the main objective of all economic units, whether they are governmental or private economic units. Budgets contribute to the evaluation process by analyzing deviations in the application. The study includes an analytical presentation of the importance of balancing programs and performance through criticisms directed at the traditional budget, known as item balancing. Design/methodology/approach: The idea of reforming the Iraqi budget was born in the government as a result of the catastrophic failure of many government projects. After the decline in oil prices, which is the main source of financing public spending. Not to mention the war on ISIS, which made the budget sag with public spending. The study was conducted by relying on the questionnaire form. Which was distributed to a number of auditors, numbering 120 people. The study (Ho, 2018) was relied upon in conducting the applied study. Findings: The results of the survey indicate the weakness of the possibility of applying the program budget in all its six basic stages, as it mainly requires amending the accounting system. This amendment also includes the use of cost accounting as a main element on which this budget is based in order to determine the goal of each program. Research, Practical & Social implications: The traditional budget focuses on what is inevitably spent without focusing on how to manage resources under specific programmes. As a result, these effects have been reflected on many development projects, the completion of which is often delayed. Program and performance budget focuses on the program as a whole, and each program is evaluated according to what was implemented during the year. Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind, which focused on the requirements of applying budget performance in Iraqi government-affiliated companies. With the aim of determining the adoption requirements in a way that can contribute to making recommendations towards the process of adopting this type of budget.
AA3003-H14 aluminum alloy plates were welded by friction stir welding and TIG welding.
Fatigue properties of the welded joints were evaluated based on the superior tensile properties for
FSW at 1500 rpm rotational speed and 80 mm/min welding speed. However, there is not much
information available on effect of welding parameters with evolution of fatigue life of friction stir
welds. The present study experimentally analyzed fatigue properties for base, FSW, and TIG welds
of AA 3003-H14 aluminum alloy. Fatigue properties of FSW joints were slightly lower than the
base metal and higher than TIG welding.
This study focuses on studying the effect of reinforced steel in detail, and steel reinforcement (tensile ratio, compression ratio, size, and joint angle shape) on the strength of reinforced concrete (compressive strength) Fc' and searching for the most accurate details of concrete divisions, their behavior, and corner resistance of reinforced concrete joint. The comparison of this paper with previous studies, especially in the studied properties. The conclusions of the chapter are summarized that these effects had a clear effect and a specific effect on the behavior and resistance of the reinforced concrete corner joints under the negative moments and under their influence and the resulting stress conditions. The types of defects that can
... Show Moreاسهم تطور ادوات الاسواق المالية والتغيرات العالمية كالعولمة المالية وتحرير الاسواق المالية العالمية في احداث العديد من الازمات ومنها الازمة المالية الدولية التي تعد من اكثر الظواهر ملازمة للاسواق المالية على الرغم من التطورات التي تشهدها تلك الاسواق نتيجة تطور ادواتها المالية وانفتاحها على بعضها البعض. وتتعرض الاسواق المالية الدولية والناشئة (Emerging Market) منها بشكل خاص ا
... Show MoreThis work involves the preparation of high yield iminochalcon compounds (B1-B15) through two parts. The first part involves the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxy Chalcone (A1-A15) by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxy acetophenone with aryl aldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide (40%) as a catalyst. The second part includes the preparation of iminochalcon from the condensation of p-hydroxy aniline with 2,4-dihydroxy chalcone derivatives )A1-A15) in the presence of some drops of conc. H2SO4. Thin-layer chromatography ((TLC) was used to control the chemical reaction . These new derivatives were characterized by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These synthesized
... Show MoreThe prepared nanostructure SiO2 thin films were densified by two techniques (conventional and Diode Pumped Solid State Laser (DPSS) (532 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) technique were used to analyze the samples. XRD results showed that the structure of SiO2 thin films was amorphous for both Oven and Laser densification. FESEM and AFM images revealed that the shape of nano silica is spherical and the particle size is in nano range. The small particle size of SiO2 thin film densified by DPSS Laser was (26 nm) , while the smallest particle size of SiO2 thin film densified by Oven was (111 nm).
Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and unstable cardiac syndromes. However, of the known pro-inflammatory cytokines, only elevated plasma levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) have been linked to Unstable Angina. We sought to examine the plasma levels of other major proinflammatory cytokines in similar clinical settings patients with unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction and the relationship extent between them. This study aimed to investigate and compare the level of IL-1 in Unstable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction patients. Thirty patients with unstable angina and thirty patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction, also thirty healthy individual as control were included
... Show MoreIn this study three inorganic nano additives, namely; CaCO3, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used to prepare nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester in order to modify their mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, elongation, impact and hardness. The results indicated that all the three additives were effective to improve the mechanical properties up to 4% by weight. The effectiveness of them follows the order : CaCO3 > Al2O3 > SiO2 This is due to their particle size in which CaCO3 (13nm), Al2O3 (20-30nm) and SiO2 (15-20nm).