Background Type two diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insufficient insulin production and secretion. Additionally, the body develops insulin resistance which affects 90–95% of diabetics. Complex cytokines, receptors, genetic pathways, and the immune system are involved in T2DM. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the inflammatory cytokines associated with Type 2 diabetes. Environmental and genetic variables, including genetic polymorphisms, can increase T2DM risk and its consequences. Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for diabetes that can be used to find the disease early and treat it better. Objective This study aimed to determine the levels of IL-18 in the serum of Iraqi patients with Type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They are generally used to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information on the effect of biocide on efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine the influence of biocide on biofilm development and efflux pump acrA and ramA gene expression. Methodology: The microtiter plate method was used to identify biofilm development in 80 isolates of K. pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of three biocides (quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorohexidine digluconate, and chloroxylenol) were estimated. The effect of QAC on the intensity and viability of biofilms was investigated as we

    This experiment was conducted in field of Agricultured Department Baquba/Diyala province in spring season 2011 to study the water stress by using foliar application concentrations of each Proline acid and Abscisic acid on proline content , ABA  content , chlorophyll content, protein conten and water content in leaves of Maize( cultivar, Buhooth 106).  The layout of the experiments was Split-  split plot design as RCBD with three replicates. The three concentrations   of spraying Proline acid levels ( 0 , 150 , 200 mg Proline .l-1 ) Three Abscisic acid levels ( 0 , 15 , 20 mgABA.l-1. ) and three periods of irrigation after(25, 50, 75%) of available water . Folair fertilizer were applied at three

To investigate the concentration and role of certain important elements in 30 patients women with breast cancer (without treatment, with treatment, and treated but recancer) by using statistical analysis. The serum concentration of some important elements (Mg, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Mn) of the patients with breast cancer, and (7) healthy control women it is found that: there is a significant increase in the concentration of (Mg, Zn, and Mn), but significant decrease in Cu concentration in all breast cancer patients compared with the healthy control. And significantly higher in Cr concentration in notreated and treated with recancer, but lower in treated patients as compared with healthy control.

The research aims to identify the tax policy strategy adopted in Iraq after the change of the tax system in 2003 and beyond, and then make a comparison of the two strategies on corporate data whether they are charged with progressive tax rates and after the change of the system as the tax rates became fixed, and then indicate the changes In the tax proceeds, and knowing the imensions of the approved tax policy, is it a tax reform strategy or a strategy to attract investments.The research started from the problem of exposure of the Iraqi tax system to several changes, as this led to a reflection on the technical organization of taxes, in terms of the tax rate.The descriptive analytical approach was chosen to study the actual reality of th

 The ligand [Potassium (E)-(4-(((2-((1-(3-aminophenyl) ethylidene) amino)-4-oxo-1,4dihydropteridin-6-yl) methyl) amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamate] was prepared from the condensation reaction of folic acid with (3-aminoacetophenone) through Schiff reaction to give a new Schiff base ligand [H2L]. The ligand [H2L] was characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption (A.A), (FT-I.R.), (U.V.-Vis), TLC, E.S. mass (for spectroscopes), molar conductance, and melting point. The new Schiff base ligand [H2L], reacts with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) metal ions and (2-aminophenol), (metal : derivative ligand : 2-aminophenol) to give a series of  new mixed complexes in  the general formula:- K3[M2(HL)(HA)2], (

The ligand [Potassium (E)-(4-(((2-((1-(3-aminophenyl) ethylidene) amino)-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydropteridin-6-yl) methyl) amino) benzoyl)-L-glutamate] was prepared from the condensation reaction of folic acid with (3-aminoacetophenone) through Schiff reaction to give a new Schiff base ligand [H2L]. The ligand [H2L] was characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption (AA),(FT-IR),(UV-Vis), TLC, ES mass (for spectroscopes), molar conductance, and melting point. The new Schiff base ligand [H2L], reacts with Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cr (III) and Cd (II) metal ions and (2-aminophenol),(metal: derivative ligand: 2-aminophenol) to give a series of new mixed complexes in the general formula:-K3 [M2 (HL)(HA) 2],(where M= Mn (II) and Cd