Manganese is considered as one of heavy metals with high toxicity .This element has been used widely in various industries and it is spread with huge quantities in polluted industries areas. As a result the concentrations of this element in the environment have increased and consequently producing acute toxic effects in different tissues and organs of all organisms. A study has been conducted on (30) female of Swiss albino mice, to find out the effect of manganese chloride in histopathological changes of ovaries. The study includes, giving the manganese chloride with concentrations (150, 200 and 250 mg/kg) for (15, 30 and 45 day) for each concentration. The

Background: Exposure to Contrast media is the third leading cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury. It follows a predictable time of onset and a less predictable scenario in recovery. This is related to certain factors, but at the end there will be asubstantial association with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospitalization.
Objectives: To define the Incidence of persistent contrast induced renal impairment a month after angiography and to define the risk factors for such persistence
Patients and Methods: One hundred and one patients (101) were enrolled in this study. All were referred to the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases in Baghdad/ Iraq for coronary and/or peripheral vascular angi

   Effect of zinc chloride on the immune  functions was studied in male albino mice aged 6-7 weeks. It was administrated orally (1ml) in three concentrations (0.5ppm, 1ppm, 2ppm) for 9 days.         The results showed that the first concentration was not effective comparing with control while the second concentration increased the enhancement of immune system and the cell third one killed the mice 6 hours post administration, so we can conclude that the high dose of ZnCl2 could be harmful for all metabolism.

The acute and sub chronic toxicity effects of 25.16 nm intraperitoneally- injected zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were evaluated. Albino male mice were exposed to three different doses (25, 50 ,and 100 mg/kg ), depending on the value of calculated LD50, for 2 and 4 weeks . Considerable changes in organ indexes were shown with a good relevance to the illustrated histopathological effects which ranged from multiple hemorrhagic foci in liver, mild swelling and dilatation in kidney tubules, thickening of intestinal villi, moderate interstitial pneumonia, especially with the high dose , and sever necrosis of seminiferous tubules in testes of all studied groups. Significant changes in both hematological and biochemical parameters as well a

     The metformin drug  is anti-hyperglycemia  and known to cross the placenta  which leads to the fetus during pregnancy .The aim of this study is to  define the drug  effects in the fetus growth . The doses  used , therapeutic dose ( 0.18 & 0.53 ) mg\25g body weight  and over dose ( 1.8 & 2.85) mg\ 25g body weight , administrated orally  at the beginning organogenesis stage at ( 6 -18 ) day of pregnancy in the morning . A total ( 50 ) animal  were divided into five groups .The first group control not treated , 2nd group  treated with (0.18) mg , 3rd group  with  ( 0.53 ) mg , 4th group with ( 1.8 ) mg and 5th group

   The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of kidney in adult albino mice (Mus musculus), The anatomical study revealed that the kidney in albino mice is represented by bean-like shape, smooth with red to brown color, It is situated within the anterior half of abdominal cavity under the diaphragm on both sides of vertebral column. The kidney is covered by capsule of loose connective tissue with mean thickness of (9.6±0.5) micrometer. Histological examination revealed that albino mice kidney tissue differentiated into cortex and medulla, the cortex contains glomeruli with mean diameter of (50.5±1.9) micrometer densely distributed at the peripheral area of the cortex ,

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic db/db mice, and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Restoration of hepatic CES2 expression in db/db or HFD‐fed mice markedly ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic CES2 causes liver steatosis and damage in chow‐ or Western diet‐fe

Fumonisin B1 is a toxic compound produced by Fusarium verticillioides. Liver and kidney are the major organs considered target to FB1 toxicity that is characterized by apoptotic, necrosis, and regeneration. Thirteen local isolates of F. verticillioides isolated form maize samples that collected from local markets and silos in Baghdad. Morphological identification are occurred and confirmed by PCR and their ability to produce FB1 was detected using ELISA techniques, Thirty six male albino mice were divided into six groups. Each group orally gavaged with different concentration of FB1. After 24hours, all treated mice were examined to determine the concentration which killed half of animals and was considered as LD50, the remaining groups w

Background: Different mechanisms have been suggested for the development of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastropathy. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been suggested to have gastroprotective effects. This study investigates the gastroprotective effects of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and enalapril on indomethacin induced gastric mucosal damage in rats .
Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 adult male albino rats, divided into 5 groups, the first served as a control received the vehicle , the second received indomethacin orally of 60mg/kg. The third and fourth groups were pretreated orally 30 minute prior indomethacin with either&n