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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
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Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relationship marketing orientation to improve the quality of service applied research in some Iraqi mobile phone companice
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Sat Dec 01 2018
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Sun Jun 01 2014
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Estimate the Best production function of the General Company for Iraqi Cement for the period (1996-2010)
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 20 2017
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International Journal Of Social Sciences
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING YOUTUBE VIDEO ON EFL IRAQI COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN GRAMMAR AT MISSAN UNIVERSITY
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Sat Dec 01 2012
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Stress Ratio Method to Predict Fracture Pressure Gradient in Southern Iraqi Deep Wells
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Tue May 01 2018
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Power System Stabilizer PSS4B Model for Iraqi National Grid using PSS/E Software
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Interleukin-32(IL-32) gene expression in Iraqi chronic hepatitis B virus patients
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
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Serological markers “CEA test &amp; sAPRIL test” in Iraqi patients with colon cancer
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The Challenges Faced by Iraqi EFL Secondary School Teachers in Teaching English Language
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