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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Wed Jan 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
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adolescents. Its prevalence among American
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Objectives of the study:
1- Finding whether screen watching among
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2- The effect of other variables like physical
activity, eating in front of screen, eating under
stress on obesity and overweight among the
subjects sample.
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Mon Aug 22 2022
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Measurement of inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers induced by cigarette smoke among Iraqi smokers.
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Diabetic Foot &amp; Ankle
Risk factors for occurrence and recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers among Iraqi diabetic patients
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Fri Jan 01 2016
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Diabetic Foot &amp; Ankle
Risk factors for occurrence and recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers among Iraqi diabetic patients
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Mon Aug 22 2022
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Biochemical And Cellular Archives
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 08 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Humanities, Arts And Literature
WESTERN MODERNISM TRANSLATED AND RETRANSLATED IN IRAQI POETRY: AL SAYYAB BETWEEN ELIOT AND SITWELL
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
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