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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Mon Aug 08 2022
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Standards of creditworthiness of customers and their impact on the liquidity of Iraqi private: Applied research in a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
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Al-academy
Abstraction between the Symbol and the Code in the Artistic Painting: سحر عبد الكاظم غانم
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Building a system of relations and formulations between abstracting the reality of the physical forms and employing the symbols and codes to convey a message to the recipient who interacts with what he watches through the processes of explanation, interpretation, and linking the particles and reveal the pure aesthetics for the artwork.

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Relationship Analysis Between Monetary Policy and Financial Sustainability in Iraq For the Period 2015–2021
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Wed Mar 29 2017
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Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
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A Comparative Study between Dusting and Fragmentation in Intracorporeal Laser Lithotripsy in Distal Ureteric Stone
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Thu Aug 04 2022
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Mutual Impact between Current Account status and selected Total Variables Iraq : study status 2004-2019
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The relationship between Iraq's foreign trade and economic growth analysis For the period (2013-1980)
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To achieve the objectives of the research has been the standard model estimate after testing the stability of exports X data series, and imports M, and GDP current prices, and exchange rate EXR, and verify the existence of a joint integration relationship between these variables.

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Comparison Between Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Methods For Estimating The Gamma Regression With Practical Application
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