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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
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Wed Jun 14 2023
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Expressive Topics in Plastic Art Achievement A comparative study between Gustav Klimt and Star Kauusch
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Publication Date
Fri Apr 14 2017
Journal Name
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10.28936 THe RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TELEVISION ADVERTISING AND RANDOM BUYING FOR COSMETICS/ EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD.: THe RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TELEVISION ADVERTISING AND RANDOM BUYING FOR COSMETICS/ EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD.
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
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Standards of creditworthiness of customers and their impact on the liquidity of Iraqi private: Applied research in a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks
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Mon Jan 29 2024
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The Mediating Role of Cobit 2019 in Managing the Relationship Between Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information and Information Asymmetry
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The Mediating Role of Cobit 2019 in Managing the Relationship Between Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information and Information Asymmetry

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Sat Jun 01 2013
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An Exploratory Study of the Relationships between Advertising Appeals, Attitudes toward Advertising , and Consumer buying Behavior of Smart phone
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Abstract

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
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Effect of Interaction Between Dietary Two Levels of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Japanese Quail performance
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
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Episiotomy preventing approaches among midwives in Kurdistan region
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