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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Fri May 31 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
The Relationship between Anemia and Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry
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Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
A Comparison between the Product-Refill and the Equalization Oxygen Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 23 2017
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Proceedings Of The International Conference On Web Intelligence
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 10 2018
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Experimental Comparison between WASP and LSASF in Bartlesville Sandstone Reservoir Cores Bearing Heavy Oil
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Thu Nov 02 2017
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Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
The Relationship Between the Attitude and Achievement in Mathematics for Intermediate Second Class Students
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 02 2023
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Ruling on questioning children by the security authorities: (Comparative Study between Sharia and Law)
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There are significant cases where their testimony needs to be heard, such as their presence in some places where incidents are not witnessed by others, such as schools or being witnesses to certain crimes.
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2014
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Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison between the Local Polynomial Kernel and Penalized Spline to Estimating Varying Coefficient Model
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
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Al-academy
External treatments for the space between the institute and the contrast in contemporary theater
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