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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Mon Oct 06 2014
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Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Impulsive behavior among Kindergarten children and its relation ship with some variables preparation
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Future Visions and its Relationship with Illegal Immigration among Next to Graduation Students
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 27 2019
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Parental supervision and its relation with personality type A.B among high Schools students
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
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Assessment of Severity of Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years
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Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at the primary health care centers in Alsadr city
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 03 2018
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Assessment of the fear of Delivery among Women at Labor
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