Molecular detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ and ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ in Iraq

Nawres AlKuwaiti

doi:10.1515/agri-2017-0011

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Publication Date

Sun Oct 01 2017

Journal Name

Agriculture (pol'nohospodárstvo)

Volume

63

DOI

10.1515/agri-2017-0011

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Molecular detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ and ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ in Iraq

Nawres AlKuwaiti

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AbstractThe association of phytoplasma was investigated in symptomatic tomato (<italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic> L.), eggplant (<italic>Solanum melongen</italic> L.), mallow (<italic>Malva</italic> spp.) and Bermuda grass (<italic>Cynodon dactylon</italic> L.) plants exhibiting witches’ broom and white leaf diseases, respectively. Total DNA was extracted from tomato (n=3), eggplant (n=2), mallow (n=2) and Bermuda grass (n=8) samples. Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using P1/P7 primer set, then PCR products were sequenced. Sequences obtained from tomato, eggplant and mallow shared 99% maximum nucleotide identity with phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrII-D, and resulted therefore ‘<italic>Candidatus</italic> Phytoplasma australasia’-related. Sequences obtained from Bermuda grass showed 100% maximum nucleotide identity to 16SrXIV-A subgroup and were ‘<italic>Ca</italic>. P. cynodontis’-related. The study presents the first molecular confirmation and sequence data of presence of ‘<italic>Ca.</italic> P. australasia’ and ‘<italic>Ca</italic>. P. cynodontis’ in Iraq.

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Rafidah Hanim

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Chan Yean

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Water samples from a variety of sources in Kelantan, Malaysia (lakes, ponds, rivers, ditches, fish farms, and sewage) were screened for the presence of bacteriophages infecting Vibrio cholerae. Ten strains of V. cholerae that appeared to be free of inducible prophages were used as the host strains. Eleven bacteriophage isolates were obtained by plaque assay, three of which were lytic and further characterized. The morphologies of the three lytic phages were similar with each having an icosahedral head (ca. 50–60 nm in diameter), a neck, and a sheathed tail (ca. 90–100 nm in length) characteristic of the family Myoviridae.

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Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Phenolic Extract of Agaricus bisporus Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeasts

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phenolic compound

synergistic effect

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