Preferred Language
Articles
/
ThbuKosBVTCNdQwCnsjj
Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification
...Show More Authors
Abstract<sec><title>BACKGROUND

In this study, biodiesel was prepared from chicken fat via a transesterification reaction using Mussel shells as a catalyst. Pretreatment of chicken fat was carried out using non‐catalytic esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content from 36.28 to 0.96 mg KOH/g oil using an ethanol/ fat mole ratio equal to 115:1. In the transesterification reaction, the studied variables were methanol: oil mole ratio in the range of (6:1 ‐ 30:1), catalyst loading in the range of (9‐15) wt%, reaction temperature (55‐75 °C), and reaction time (1‐7) h. The heterogeneous alkaline catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste mussel shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination times of (1‐5) h and temperatures of (700‐900) °C. The catalyst was characterized using BET, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR.

RESULTS

In the transesterification reaction, the best values of the studied parameters were: 21:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 12 wt% catalyst loading, 5 h reaction time, and 63°C reaction temperature, which gave 96.2% methyl esters content. For catalyst synthesis, it was found that the optimum calcination conditions were 900 °C and 3 h, which resulted in a specific surface area of 10.5 m2/g and a large pore volume of 0.0033 cm3/g.

CONCLUSION

A calcium oxide catalyst was successfully prepared from mussel shells. This catalyst was used to transesterify the chicken fat into biodiesel. The prepared catalyst exhibited a high active surface area and a pore volume, confirming that the CaO catalyst produced from waste mussel shells worked effectively, steadily, and affordably to produce renewable biodiesel. The best working conditions for the transesterification reaction were determined using the central Composite Design method (CCD). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Scopus Clarivate Crossref
View Publication
Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
2D and 3D Modeling of Rock Mechanical Properties of Khasib Formation in East Baghdad Oil Field
...Show More Authors

Knowing the distribution of the mechanical rock properties and the far field stresses for the field of interest is an important task for many applications concerning reservoir geomechanics, including wellbore instability analysis, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, reservoir compaction, and subsidence. A major challenge with determining the rock's mechanical properties is that they cannot be directly measured at the borehole. Furthermore, the recovered carbonate core samples for performing measurements are limited and they provide discrete data for specific depths.

   The purpose of this study is to build 2D and 3D geomechanical models of the Khasib reservoir in the East Baghdad oil field/ Central area. TECHLOG.2015.3 softwa

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The World Federation Of Orthodontists
Validity and reliability of three-dimensional modeling of orthodontic dental casts using smartphone-based photogrammetric technology
...Show More Authors

View Publication
Scopus (8)
Crossref (5)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Doctrinal monotheistic modeling of religion: the impact of the political aspect on Islamic sources and books
...Show More Authors

         The political system in Indonesia, since gaining independence from the Dutch colonialism on the seventeenth of August 1945, has gone through long stages. The Indonesian constitution stipulated that the country is based on a democracy. In 1956 the first free elections were held in Indonesia, and President Sukarno announced the adoption of the directed democratic system Then, during the era of President Suharto, the state entered a phase called democracy based on the Five Pancasila principles, which is a false democracy because it served the interests of Suharto, who in his long reign had political and economic corruption leading up to 1998, when the Indonesian people revolted, and the government of Soeharto was overthrown

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Matec Web Of Conferences
Investigation of surface area of lakes and marshes from satellite images by using remote sensing and geographic information system integration in Iraq
...Show More Authors

Water level and distribution is very essential in almost all life aspects. Natural and artificial lakes represent a large percentage of these water bodies in Iraq. In this research the changes in water levels are observed by calculating the areas of five different lakes in five different regions and two different marshes in two different regions of the country, in a period of 12 years (2001 - 2012), archived remotely sensed images were used to determine surface areas around lakes and marshes in Iraq for the chosen years . Level of the lakes corresponding to satellite determined surface areas were retrieved from remotely sensed data .These data were collected to give explanations on lake level and surface area fluctuations. It is imp

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (13)
Crossref (10)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2025
Journal Name
Studia Universitatis Babeș-bolyai Chemia
GREEN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR CONCURRENT ESTIMATION OF PIROXICAM AND MEFENAMIC ACID MIXTURE
...Show More Authors

The purpose of this work is to concurrently estimate the UVvisible spectra of binary combinations of piroxicam and mefenamic acid using the chemometric approach. To create the model, spectral data from 73 samples (with wavelengths between 200 and 400 nm) were employed. A two-layer artificial neural network model was created, with two neurons in the output layer and fourteen neurons in the hidden layer. The model was trained to simulate the concentrations and spectra of piroxicam and mefenamic acid. For piroxicam and mefenamic acid, respectively, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with feed-forward back-propagation learning produced root mean square errors of prediction of 0.1679 μg/mL and 0.1154 μg/mL, with coefficients of determination of

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2025
Journal Name
Studia Universitatis Babeș-bolyai Chemia
GREEN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR CONCURRENT ESTIMATION OF PIROXICAM AND MEFENAMIC ACID MIXTURE
...Show More Authors

View Publication
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Agricultural And Statistical Sciences
Effect of foliar spraying with gibberellic and humic acid on wheat growth
...Show More Authors

Scopus (10)
Scopus
Publication Date
Thu May 03 2018
Journal Name
Online Journal Of Veterinary Research
Effect of Cutibacterium acnes cell free antigen (CFAg) immunization, levofloxacin and cinnamon oil on Cutibacterium acnes infection in rabbits
...Show More Authors

Tuaimah GS, AQ Al-Awadi, Ahmed ME., Effect of Cutibacterium acnes cell free antigen (CFAg) immunization, levofloxacin and cinnamon oil on Cutibacterium acnes infection in rabbits, Onl J Vet Res., 22 (9):811-822, 2018. C. acnes causes acne vulgaris most commonly in 12-24 year olds. Five albino rabbits were immunized at day 1 and 14 with Cutibacterium acnes cell free antigen (CFAg) and then infected intradermally with 0.1 ml C. acnes suspension (2×108 cfu/ml) at day 30. Two groups of five infected rabbits were then treated at Day 30 with 0.5% levofloxacin or 0.2% cinnamon oil twice daily for 12 days. Five control rabbits were infected intradermally with 0.1 ml 2×108 cfu/ml Cutibacterium acnes n (2×108 cfu/ml). At day 42, skin test (mm), se

... Show More
Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Non-Diatomic Diversity and Community Structure in Hoor-Al- Azime Marshes, Iran
...Show More Authors
Abstract<p>This study was conducted to delineate diversity and species composition of non-diatoms planktonic algae in Hoor- Al- Azime marshes, Iran. The samples were collected from four sites at monthly basis from April 2011 to March 2012. A total 88 taxa were identified, out of which (40 taxa, 45.45%) belonging to Cyanophyta followed by Chlorophyta (29 taxa, 32.96%), Euglenophyta (18 taxa, 20.45%) and (1 taxa, 1.14%) of Dinophyta recorded. Comparing species richness (65 taxa, 34.76%) at Shat- Ali (St4) was the highest and the lowest (34 taxa, 18.18%) was observed at Rafi (St2). Species occurrence was associated with temperature where in summer (66 taxa) and (25 taxa) encountered winter. The phy</p> ... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (1)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Oct 06 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Presence and non-existence in Arabic ontological discourse are contemporary Pragmatic reading
...Show More Authors

Mental systems in ontological discourse turned into deliberative systems, derived from the non-coordinated thought that motivated ontological discourse, as an incomplete thought, after it became close to reason; Between creation and prevention, between reasoning and creation, between submission and ambition, the result of an interconnected entity that slays one another from one another, and intersects with one another, to produce a special pattern each time, completely different from its predecessor or to provide a path for the coordination of others, which is outside the linguistic event, or part From it, signs and marks, produced to a large extent M., and united the signs; to return again in a circular and rotational movement to produc

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF