A study of the effects of the discharge (sputtering) currents (60-75 mA) and the thickness of copper target (0.037, 0.055 and 0.085 mm) on the prepared samples was performed. These samples were deposited with pure copper on a glass substrate using dc magnetron sputtering with a magnetic flux density of 150 gauss at the center. The effects of these two parameters were studied on the height, diameter, and size of the deposition copper grains as well as the roughness of surface samples using atomic force microscopy (AFM).The results of this study showed that it is possible to control the specifications of copper grains by changing the discharge currents and the thickness of the target material. The increase in discharge curre

Y Adnan, H Atiyah, IH Neamah…, International Development Planning Review, 2024

The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized at various precursor concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 M by biosynthesis method based on Pometia pinnata Leaf Extracts. Initial nanoparticle concentration influenced the optical bandgap, shape, and structure of nanoparticles. The photodegradation process was carried out under UV illumination. The efficiency of MB degradation was determined by measuring the decrease in MB concentration and by analyzing the optical absorption at 663 nm recorded by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited efficient photodegradation of MB, with a maximum degradation rate of 80% after 90 minutes of exposure to UV-C light. The study highlights the potential of Pometia pi

This paper presents a newly developed method with new algorithms to find the numerical solution of nth-order state-space equations (SSE) of linear continuous-time control system by using block method. The algorithms have been written in Matlab language. The state-space equation is the modern representation to the analysis of continuous-time system. It was treated numerically to the single-input-single-output (SISO) systems as well as multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems by using fourth-order-six-steps block method. We show that it is possible to find the output values of the state-space method using block method. Comparison between the numerical and exact results has been given for some numerical examples for solving different type

The Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) demands are increased with the development of electronic devices. This paper presents a new model for a cartooning system, as an essential category of the NPR. It is used the concept of vector quantization and Logarithmic Image Processing (LIP). An enhancement of Kekre Median Codebook Generation (KMCG) algorithm has been proposed and used by the system. Several metrics utilized to evaluate the time and quality of the system. The results showed that the proposed system reduced the time of cartoon production. Additionally, it enhanced the quality of several aspects like smoothing, color reduction, and brightness.

stract The experiment aimed to study the effect of different concentrations (10 and 20)% of Nerium oleander L. leaves extract and proline (20 and 30) ppm on growth and yield of Cicer aeitium L. The field experiment was conducted during the growth season of 2012-2013. The results showed that the best concentration of N. oleander extract leaves was 10% that showed significant increasing in plant height, branches and leaves number and dry weight during first and second periods measurement as well as the chlorophyll containing in leaves , crop growth ratio (CGR), number of pods, weight of 100 seeds, percentage of seed carbohydrates. The results revealed that two concentrations of proline (20 and 30) ppm showed a significant increase in the c

The introduction of the research on the science of training and the physiology of sports was addressed from important sciences, where the physical effort drew the attention of scientists since the past centuries when they studied how the body performs its functions when performing physical exertion and observe the changes that occur in it and write down and study especially the positive effects of the practice of daily sports The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of plank exercises on the lipid component and the metabolic rate (bmr) of the female students of the Higher Institute for Security and Management Development. As for the third chapter, the two researchers used the experimental method on a sample of the female s

Surfaces quality is one of the most specified customer requirements for machine parts. The major indication of surfaces quality on machined parts is surface roughness. The research aim is to study the cutting conditions and their effects on the surface roughness. This paper utilizes regression models to predict surface roughness over the machining time for variety of cutting conditions in turning. In the experimental part for turning, different types of materials (Aluminum alloy, Copper alloy, and Gray cast iron) were considered with different cutting speed ( ) and feed rate ( ). A mathematical Model depending on statistical-mathematical method between surface roughness (Rz ) and cutting condition ( , ) were derived, for the three materials