In this paper we present the theoretical foundation of forward error analysis of numerical algorithms under;• Approximations in "built-in" functions.• Rounding errors in arithmetic floating-point operations.• Perturbations of data.The error analysis is based on linearization method. The fundamental tools of the forward error analysis are system of linear absolute and relative a prior and a posteriori error equations and associated condition numbers constituting optimal of possible cumulative round – off errors. The condition numbers enable simple general, quantitative bounds definitions of numerical stability. The theoretical results have been applied a Gaussian elimination, and have proved to be very effective means of both a prior

Obviously, within the years  2004, 2005, 2006, several infection cases of  damping – off ,leaves ,flowers ,buds and petioles blight ,stem canker ,crown rot have seen on (Gerbera jamesonii) plants in nurseries and appears  dirty white(brown) color mold at the first and then convert to gray color on the foliage. The studying is carried out in two locations in Baghdad city which are Palestine Street (Al-Khirat, Al-Zina nurseries) and Zaiyuna (Zainab, Zaiyuna, Baghdad nurseries). The isolation and diagnosis were identified the causal pathogen was Botrytis cinerea.The pathogenicity test was carried out with positive results were positive resulted.  The infections percentage on gerbera plants ranged in the studied nu

This research focuses on shedding light on the most important criteria by which the translator can achieve total success with regard to the translation of scientific texts whose written language in Spanish is greatly influenced by expressions and words adopted from the English language and other world languages, in addition to exposing the most outstanding difficulties that translators face when translating from Spanish to Arabic, giving the most appropriate solutions in this regard.

Resumen

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en echar luz sobre los criterios más importantes por los cuales el traductor puede conseguir el total éxito en la traducción de los textos científicos cuyo lenguaje

The aim of the present research is to study the dissolution and transport process of
benzene as a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in saturated porous media.
Unidirectional flow at water velocities ranged from 0.90 to 3.60 cm/hr was adopted to study
this process in a three dimensional saturated sand tank (100 cm×40 cm×35 cm). This tank
represents a laboratory-scale aquifer. The aquifer was constructed by packing homogeneous
sand in the rectangular tank. The experimental results were used to characterize the
dissolution behavior of an entrapped nonaqueous phase benzene source in a three dimensional
aquifer model. The time invariant average mass transfer coefficient was determined at each
interstitial velocit

The sol-gel route using an agar gel with calcium nitrate and phosphate solution as starting materials for producing hydroxyapatite (HAP). The product formed were needle like, zigzag and straight fibres. The fibrous products on sintering transformed into stoichiometric HAP with a biological Ca/P ratio of 1.67. The influences of pH, temperature, nature of base and phosphate solution on the growth of fibrous HAP were studied. The pH of the solution was found to greatly influence the growth rate and morphology of the resultant product. The optimum gel temperature was found to be 60oC and sintering temperature of 900oC for 1 hour. The crystalline, thermal, functional and morphological characteristics of the fibrous HAP were investigated.

Horizontal wells are of great interest to the petroleum industry today because they provide an attractive means for improving both production rate and recovery efficiency. The great improvements in drilling technology make it possible to drill horizontal wells with complex trajectories and extended for significant depths.
The aim of this paper is to present the design aspects of horizontal well. Well design aspects include selection of bit and casing sizes, detection of setting depths and drilling fluid density, casing, hydraulics, well profile, and construction of drillstring simulator. An Iraqi oil field (Ajeel field) is selected for designing horizontal well to increase the productivity. Short radius horizontal well is suggested fo

In the present study, new five polymers of acryloyl chloride have been synthesized by reaction 4-aminoantipyrine with many substituted acid chloride (A-E). Then condensation of polyacryloyl chloride with the product in one step (A-E), in a suitable solvent in the presence amount of (Et3N) to obtain new polyimides(A1-E5). The prepared compounds were characterized by UV. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and measuring of other physical properties such as softening point, melting point and solublities.

In this paper the new starting material 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) aniline (1) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid .The new Mannich base derivatives were synthesized using formaldehyde and different secondary amines to synthesize a new set of benzimidazole derivatives(2-5). Also, the new Schiff-base derivatives (6-10) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (1) with various aromatic aldehydes and the closure-ring was done successfully using mercapto acetic acid to get the new thiazolidine derivatives(11-12).These new compounds were characterized using some physical techniques like:FT-IR Spectra and 1HNMR Spectra.

The present work involved synthesis of serval new substituted tetrazole via Schiff bases for trimethoprim drug by two steps. The first step involved direct reaction of different ketones and aldehydes with trimethoprim producing the corresponding Schiff bases (1-10), whereas the second step, involved preparation new tetrazoles derivatives (11-20) through reaction of the ready Schiff bases (in the first step) with sodium azidein in dioxin. The prepared compounds were characterized by UV, FT-IR, and some of them by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and physical properties.

This search aim to study the histological structure of Stomach of domestic duck Anas platyrhynchos. Six healthy birds (males and females) are used and after their slaughter the abdominal region was carefully opened and the stomach separated from it's connection with alimentary canal, cleaned with water and fixed  in 10% formalin. The histological study showed that the wall of the glandular and muscular stomach consist of four tunicae:Tunica Mucosa,Tunica Submucosa,Tunica Muscularis and Tunica Serosa. The results suggested that the Muscularis mucosa layer represented the secretary part of glandular stomach, the keratinoid material lining the lumen of gizzard, and the tunica muscularis was the thickest one among four tunicae. &nb