Rare earth metal oxides (REMOs) have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their distinctive properties and potential applications in electronic devices and catalysts. Particularly, cerium dioxide (CeO2), also known as ceria, has emerged as an interesting material in a wide variety of industrial, technological, and medical applications. Ceria can be synthesized with various morphologies, including rods, cubes, wires, tubes, and spheres. This comprehensive review offers valuable perceptions into the crystal structure, fundamental properties, and reaction mechanisms that govern the well-established surface-assisted reactions over ceria. The activity, selectivity, and stability of ceria, either as a stand-alone catalyst or as

   Drilling operations in the Halfaya oilfield frequently encounter severe wellbore instability challenges. When navigating shale deposits, wellbore instability remains the primary operational concern. Based on the analysis of the wellbore instability intervals, low-strength shale and marlstone formations are identified as the principal unstable zones that lead to non-productive time and higher drilling costs. By planning a safe operating mud window, these non-productive times and drilling costs can be mitigated. Several wellbore instability concerns have been found in a southern Iraqi oil field. A problem-diagnostic technique was done by evaluating well log data, drilling reports, mud logging reports, and pore pressure readings.

ABSTRACT: Thin film of CdS has been deposited onto clean glass substrate by using Spray pyrolysis technique. Results of Morphological (AFM) studied; electrical properties and optical conductivity studied are analysis. AFM results show a crystalline nature of the films. From the conductivity measurement at different temperatures, the activation energy of the films was calculated and found to be between 0.188 - 0.124 eV for low temperature regions, and between 1.67-1.19eV for high temperature regions. Hall measurements of electrical properties at room temperature show that the resistivity and mobility of CdS polycrystalline films deposited at 400 C0, were 3.878x103 . cm and 1.302x104cm2/ (V.s), respectively. The electrical conductivity of th

This study is unique in this field. It represents a mix of three branches of technology: photometry, spectroscopy, and image processing. The work treats the image by treating each pixel in the image based on its color, where the color means a specific wavelength on the RGB line; therefore, any image will have many wavelengths from all its pixels. The results of the study are specific and identify the elements on the nucleus’s surface of a comet, not only the details but also their mapping on the nucleus. The work considered 12 elements in two comets (Temple 1 and 67P/Churyumoy-Gerasimenko). The elements have strong emission lines in the visible range, which were recognized by our MATLAB program in the treatment of the image. The percen

The cost-effective carbon cross-linked Y zeolite nanocrystals composite (NYC) was prepared using an eco-friendly substrate prepared from bio-waste and organic adhesive at intermediate conditions. The green synthesis method dependent in this study assures using chemically harmless compounds to ensure homogeneous distribution of zeolite over porous carbon. The greenly prepared cross-linked composite was extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Field emission scanning electron microscope, Dispersive analysis by X-ray, Thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. NYC had a surface area of 176.44 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.0573 cm3/g. NYC had a multi-function nature, sustained at a long-

Polymeric hollow fiber membrane is produced by a physical process called wet or dry/wet phase inversion; a technique includes many steps and depends on different factors (starting from selecting materials, end with post-treatment of hollow fiber membrane locally manufactured). This review highlights the most significant factors that affect and control the characterization and structure of ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes used in different applications.        Three different types of polymers (polysulfone PSF, polyethersulfone PES or polyvinyl chloride PVC) were considered to study morphology change and structure of hollow fiber membranes in this review. These hollow fiber membranes were manufactured with different proce