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Valorization of Lignin-Rich Meranti (Shorea sp.) Sawdust into Cellulose Nanocrystals via APS Pretreatment: A Severity Map and Operating Window
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Developing routes to produce cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from high-lignin wood residues is essential for expanding sustainable nanocellulose feedstocks. In this work, Meranti (Shorea sp.) sawdust was valorized into CNCs by integrating ammonium persulfate (APS) pretreatment with subsequent sulfuric acid hydrolysis. To establish a severity map and define an operating window, APS pretreatment severity was systematically varied by adjusting APS concentration and the sawdust-to-APS (solid-to-liquid) ratio, and its influence on CNC structural properties was evaluated. APS pretreatment partially disrupted and oxidized the lignocellulosic matrix, enabling acid hydrolysis to liberate crystalline cellulose domains. XRD analysis confirmed the preservation of the cellulose I crystalline structure, with a maximum crystallinity index of 72% at 2 M APS and a sawdust-to-APS ratio of 1:30 (w/v), and an average crystallite size of approximately 10 nm estimated using the Scherrer equation. SEM and TEM analyses revealed rod-like CNCs with smooth surfaces and relatively homogeneous dimensions. The optimized samples exhibited CNC lengths of 188.71 ± 5.01 nm and widths of 26.79 ± 1.72 nm. These results demonstrate that Meranti sawdust, a high-lignin wood residue, can be converted into structurally well-defined CNCs using a two-step APS/acid process without prior alkaline pulping or bleaching. This study clarifies the role of APS oxidation in enabling CNC production from feedstocks with lignin contents above 20% and provides a basis for valorizing Meranti sawdust as a renewable precursor for CNCs in advanced material applications.

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Proceedings Of First International Conference On Mathematical Modeling And Computational Science: Icmmcs 2020
Study the Stability for Ordinary Differential Equations Using New Techniques via Numerical Methods
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Nonlinear differential equation stability is a very important feature of applied mathematics, as it has a wide variety of applications in both practical and physical life problems. The major object of the manuscript is to discuss and apply several techniques using modify the Krasovskii's method and the modify variable gradient method which are used to check the stability for some kinds of linear or nonlinear differential equations. Lyapunov function is constructed using the variable gradient method and Krasovskii’s method to estimate the stability of nonlinear systems. If the function of Lyapunov is positive, it implies that the nonlinear system is asymptotically stable. For the nonlinear systems, stability is still difficult even though

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
International Society For The Study Of Vernacular Settlements
Integrating Urban Agriculture into Neighborhood Planning for Sustainable Development: People’s Perceptions of the Potentials of the Al-Bastanah in Al-Za'faraniya, Iraq
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences And Applications
Direct transplant of melanocytes from normal donor area into vitiligenous recipient area by intralesional injection of melanocytes using spade like needle technique
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, ZN Al-Khafaji…, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2016 - Cited by 2

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 22 2021
Journal Name
Educatum Journal Of Science, Mathematics And Technology
Effect of ammonia/gallium ratio and growth temperature towards the surface morphology of semi-polar GaN grown on m-plane sapphire via MOCVD
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A single-crystalline semi-polar gallium nitride (11-22) was grown on m-plane (10-10) sapphire substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Three-step approach was introduced to investigate the grain size evolution for semi-polar (11-22) GaN. Such approach was achieved due to the optimized gallium to ammonia ratio and temperature variations, which led to high quality (11-22) oriented gallium nitride epilayers. The full width at half maximum values along (-1-123) and (1-100) planes for the overgrowth temperature of 1080°C were found to be as low as 0.37° and 0.49°, respectively. This was an indication of the enhanced coalescence and reduction in root mean square roughness as seen by atomic force microscopy. Surface analysi

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 21 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences
OPTIMIZATION OF FUZZY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION-BASED FARDL MODELS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND QUADRATIC ESTIMATORS VIA PARALLEL MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS
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Today's smart engineering systems are often faced with situations that are structurally uncertain, informationally incomplete, and non-probabilistically ambiguous, especially for electrical systems. ARDL models are limited in applications in complex computational environments where the uncertainty is due to vagueness, not randomness, and assume the exact parametric representation of the models and the structure of the stochastic uncertainty. This study proposes a new soft-computing paradigm using Fuzzy Autoregressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) models and compares the performance of the Linear Programming (LP) and Quadratic Programming (QP) estimation algorithms using large-scale parallel Monte Carlo simulations to overcome these drawba

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Toxicity analysis of Ag/Au core/shell nanoparticles synthesizes via seed-growth on blood human components
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Publication Date
Thu May 21 2026
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Solving linear fractional Fredholm integro-differential equations using linear programming method via different types of polynomials
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This article introduces a novel procedure to detect an approximate solution to Fredholm fractional integro-differential equations with linear type (LFFIDE) defined using Caputo fractional derivative. The new procedure approximates the solution using three types of polynomials: Laguerre polynomials, Hermite polynomials, and Legendre polynomials, thereafter transforming the problem into a linear programming problem. The approximate solutions are compared using testing examples to examine the efficiency of the suggested approach. Also, a comparison with the other methods using the same polynomials illustrates The effectiveness and consistency of the proposed technique. Finally, the error analysis of the proposed technique and convergent are di

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control
Experimental pore-scale analysis of carbon dioxide hydrate in sandstone via X-Ray micro-computed tomography
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Carbon dioxide geo-sequestration (CGS) into sediments in the form of (gas) hydrates is one proposed method for reducing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and, thus reducing global warming and climate change. However, there is a serious lack of understanding of how such CO2 hydrate forms and exists in sediments. We thus imaged CO2 hydrate distribution in sandstone, and investigated the hydrate morphology and cluster characteristics via x-ray micro-computed tomography in 3D in-situ. A substantial amount of gas hydrate (∼17% saturation) was observed, and the stochastically distributed hydrate clusters followed power-law relations with respect to their size distributions and surface area-volume relationships. The layer-

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Applied Thermal Engineering
Efficient thermal management of PVT systems via water-PCM hybridization: New design with optimized geometrical configuration
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2017
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Digital Presence of Algerian Females via Virtual Satellite Channels: Analytical Study of Women Issues through Facebook
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The platforms of social networking sites, with their distinctive communication and technological features, create a social movement that led to the establishment of a new pattern of communication in a modern context. This allows the users on the internet to carry out many social interactions based on the interests and commonalities among them. Algerian women have a share of this digital presence by representing their views and discussing their issues on several sites like Facebook, for example.
In this research, we have analyzed the pages of Algerian women on Facebook site to find out the most important issues addressed by Algerian women so that we can organize their concerns in the digital channels and discover their different orie

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