Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a population of cells present in tumours, which can undergo self-renewal and differentiation. Identification and isolation of these CSCs using putative surface markers have been a priority of research in cancer. With this background we selected pancreatic normal and tumor cells for this study and passaged them into animal tissue culture medium. Further staining was done using alkaline phosphatase and heamatoxilin staining. Blue to purple colored zones in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and clear coloration in the chromatin material indicated pancreatic cells. Further studies on the cell surface marker CD 44 were done using ELISA. For this, the protein was extracted from cultivated normal and tumor pancreatic cells and absorbance was taken in ELISA reader. However, there was no significant difference in optical density values obtained with normal and tumor pancreatic cells indicating further studies are required for upregulation of CD44 in tumor cells. Reverse Transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of insulin growth factor binding protein 5 (IGF-BP5), showed negative result with pancreatic tumor, indicating there is no gene expression in tumor cell.
Background: Determination of sex from an unknown human bone is an important role in forensic and anthropology field. The mandible is the largest and hardest facial bone, that commonly resist postmortem damage and forms an important source of information about sexual dimorphism. Mandibular ramus can be used to differentiate between sexes and it also expresses strong univariate sexual dimorphism. This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of mandibular ramus as an aid in sex differentiation using CT scanning among Iraqi population. Materials and methods: 3D reconstructed computed tomography scanning of 140 Iraqi Arab subjects, (7 0 males and 70 females) were analyzed with their age range from 20-60 years old. The linear measurements w
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As contemporary security requires the formulation of a comprehensive strategy based on multidimensional sub-strategies (economic, developmental, social, cybersecurity, military,and diplomatic dimensions to achieve so-called sustainable security and address the unconventional challenges that worsened with the turn of the twenty-first century and concerned with violent extremism, often leading to terrorism, Iraq, despite the reversal of the terrorist group ISIS in 2017, seems urgently needed to formulate effective strategies to counter violent extremism, Violent extremism has multiple internal and external reasons. These causes have increased due to local, regional, and international causes. Violent extremist factors began with the outbreak o
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Background : In order for a tooth to erupt, two obvious requirements are needed. First, there has to be alveolar bone resorption of the bone overlying the crown of the tooth such that an eruption pathway is formed. Second, resorption of bony crypt and apposition of new one, third, there has to be a biological process that will result in the tooth moving through this eruption pathway.The amniotic sac contains a considerable quantity of stem cells. These amniotic stem cells are multipotent and able to differentiate into various tissues, which may be useful for human application. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is concentrated on bone biology, more specifically bone metabolism. RANKL plays a vital role in osteoclast
... Show MoreBackground: The synthesis and characterization of novel liquid crystalline compounds have garnered signi|cant attention due to their potential applications in biomedical sciences, including drug delivery systems, biosensing, and diagnostic tools. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing new thiazolothiadiazole-based liquid crystals and evaluating their mesophase properties. Methods: A series of novel compounds containing 5H-thiazolo[4,3−b][1,3,4] thiadiazole units were synthesized via multi-step chemical reactions. The synthesis involved the reaction of chloroethyl acetate with 4−hydroxybenzaldehyde to yield an aldehyde intermediate, followed by subsequent transformations using hydrazine hydrate, ethylacetoacetate, and 1,2
... Show MoreThe synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline properties of N4,N40-bis((1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)-3,30-dimethyl-[1,10-biphenyl]-4,40-diamine and of their corresponding Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni (II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes are described. The ligand and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements (meff), conductometric measurements and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), (13C-NMR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Spectral investigations suggested octahedral coordination geometrical arrangement for M(II) complexes. The phase transition temperatures were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the phases are confirmed by op
... Show MoreThe synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline properties of N4,N40-bis((1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)-3,30-dimethyl-[1,10-biphenyl]-4,40-diamine and of their corresponding Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni (II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes are described. The ligand and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements (meff), conductometric measurements and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), (13C-NMR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Spectral investigations suggested octahedral coordination geometrical arrangement for M(II) complexes. The phase transition temperatures were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the phases are confirmed by op
... Show MoreThe synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline properties of N4,N40 -bis((1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)-3,30 -dimethyl-[1,10 -biphenyl]-4,40 -diamine and of their corresponding Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni (II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes are described. The ligand and complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements (meff), conductometric measurements and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1 H NMR), (13C-NMR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Spectral investigations suggested octahedral coordination geometrical arrangement for M(II) complexes. The phase transition temperatures were detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the phases are confirmed
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In a connected graph , the distance function between each pair of two vertices from a set vertex is the shortest distance between them and the vertex degree denoted by is the number of edges which are incident to the vertex The Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials of are have defined as:
respectively, where the summations are taken over all unordered pairs of distinct vertices in and is the distance between and in The general forms of Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials shall be found and indices of the edge – identification chain and ring – square graphs in the present work.
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