Abstract Infinitives and gerunds are non-finite verb forms which cannot be indicated by tense, number, or person. The construction of non-finite verbs is intricate because of their nature of meanings, forms, and functions. The major problem is that both infinitival and gerundial complements have identical functions and occupy identical positions in the sentences. Thus, there is a confusion in using an infinitival and gerundial forms after aspectual verbs. The selection of either one of these two forms as complements is controlled syntactically or semantically. Moreover, both forms can be used usually with similar predicate but with neat difference in meaning. In addition, there are problems with controlling the use of aspect, since aspectual verbs have specific syntactic and semantic restrictions. The study aims at investigating the use of infinitival and gerundial constructions and of aspectual verbs in selected British and American Novels, and identifying the syntactic and semantic behvior of aspectual verbs. The following procedures will be followed in the present study. Providing a theoretical background of the infinitival and gerundial complements and of aspectual verbs. Selecting the data from British and American novels, and analzing the novels according to the model of Smith (1997) about the classification of aspectual verbs. It has been concluded that the infinitive has been used more in the American novel, while the gerund has been used more in the British novel. The perfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the British novel, while the imperfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the American novel in the grammatical aspect. The high percentage of infinitive and imperfective viewpoint in the American novel clarifies the tendency to indicate an uncompleted action, while the high percentage of gerund and perfective viewpoint in the British novel clarifies the tendency to indicate a completed action. Stative and Activity verbs in the lexical aspect have been formed the highest percentage in both British and American novels in spite of the differences in the frequency of these verbs between novels. The following procedures will be followed in the present study. Providing a theoretical background of the infinitival and gerundial complements and of aspectual verbs. Selecting the data from British and American novels, and analzing the novels according to the model of Smith (1997) about the classification of aspectual verbs. It has been concluded that the infinitive has been used more in the American novel, while the gerund has been used more in the British novel. The perfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the British novel, while the imperfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the American novel in the grammatical aspect. The high percentage of infinitive and imperfective viewpoint in the American novel clarifies the tendency to indicate an uncompleted action, while the high percentage of gerund and perfective viewpoint in the British novel clarifies the tendency to indicate a completed action. Stative and Activity verbs in the lexical aspect have been formed the highest percentage in both British and American novels in spite of the differences in the frequency of these verbs between novels.
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Hemogloin (Hb) and serum ferritin levels are used to assess anemia in pregnancy. Some studies referred to the influence of maternal age, body mass index (BMI) and parity on Hb and serum ferritin levels. The study aimed to examine the possible association of maternal Hb and serum ferritin with maternal age, parity, and BMI in a sample of pregnant women in Baghdad.
Ninety healthy pregnant women, grouped in three equal groups according to the pregnancy trimester, and thirty apparently healthy non-pregnant women from Baghdad were enrolled in this observational study. Blood and serum samples were obtained for the estimation of Hb and serum ferritin levels.
The pooled data of participants showed a n
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In this study, the radon gas concentration as well as the annual effective dose in leaves of the Malvasylvestris (Khabbaz) plant used in the traditional treatment and as food in Iraq, for this, it is necessary to evaluate the concentrations radon gas, which were measured using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) CR-39 technique. The concentration and annual effective dose in samples were collected from Baghdad city ranged from minimum to maximum value 15.815 , 0.498 , 54.445 , 1.717 respectively, while the values of concentration and annual effective dose in a sample collected from Karbala are 15.297 ,0.482 . These values of concentration and annual effective dose less were compared with th
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t. The current study was conducted on the umbilical cord blood of newborns in the Banks Hospital in Baghdad, Diyala, and Khalis in Diyala, where the study included 90 samples of blood, and samples were collected for the period from the 1st of October;2020 to The first of February;2021 AD, where the study included measuring levels of interleukin-6;Adiponectin,glucose and bilirubin in the blood, comparison study between the study variables with the child's weight (greater than 3 kg),(less or equal 3 kg),the mother's age (greater than 25 years, less or equal to 25 years),the sex of the child (male, female).The results of our study showed that there were no significant differences between the variables of the current study between the two sex
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Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major globally distributed pathogens, which causes chronic and recalcitrant infections due to their capacity to produce biofilms in large part. Biofilm production represents a survival strategy in these species, allowing them to endure environmental stress by altering their gene expression to match their own survival needs. In this study, we co-cultured different clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa as mono- and mixed-species biofilms in a full-strength Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and in a 1000-fold diluted Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI/1000) using Microtiter plate assay and determination of colony-forming units. Furthermore, the effect of starvation stress on the e
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The contemporary development applications on scientific areas of acyclic and cyclic Schiff bases and their complexes.
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Methods of teaching plays an important vole in the educational process
because is the link between the teacher and the learner. The process of
teaching doesut fulfill the desirable results unless the methods of guiding and
teaching are provided and through a qualified educationalist capable of
communicating the syllabus to the students in an easy and clear way. In spite
of the diversity of the methods of teaching ,there is no one way suitable for all
the educational purposes , all the sciences ,all the subjects ,all the levels of
growth ,levels of teaching, maturity and intelligences ,all teachers and
educationalists and all the circum stances surrounding the teaching processes
.The teacher is the one who choos
Studied competence spam to malicious moth figs at temperatures and Kagafat host different results showed that female intruder, despite their ability to shell larvae host and when densities of different, but it is able to lay eggs at a temperature of 14 + or -1 and finally urged the efficiency spam to malicious affected heavily host and that the greater the intensity of the host spam increased efficiency and its performance life