Abstract Infinitives and gerunds are non-finite verb forms which cannot be indicated by tense, number, or person. The construction of non-finite verbs is intricate because of their nature of meanings, forms, and functions. The major problem is that both infinitival and gerundial complements have identical functions and occupy identical positions in the sentences. Thus, there is a confusion in using an infinitival and gerundial forms after aspectual verbs. The selection of either one of these two forms as complements is controlled syntactically or semantically. Moreover, both forms can be used usually with similar predicate but with neat difference in meaning. In addition, there are problems with controlling the use of aspect, since aspectual verbs have specific syntactic and semantic restrictions. The study aims at investigating the use of infinitival and gerundial constructions and of aspectual verbs in selected British and American Novels, and identifying the syntactic and semantic behvior of aspectual verbs. The following procedures will be followed in the present study. Providing a theoretical background of the infinitival and gerundial complements and of aspectual verbs. Selecting the data from British and American novels, and analzing the novels according to the model of Smith (1997) about the classification of aspectual verbs. It has been concluded that the infinitive has been used more in the American novel, while the gerund has been used more in the British novel. The perfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the British novel, while the imperfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the American novel in the grammatical aspect. The high percentage of infinitive and imperfective viewpoint in the American novel clarifies the tendency to indicate an uncompleted action, while the high percentage of gerund and perfective viewpoint in the British novel clarifies the tendency to indicate a completed action. Stative and Activity verbs in the lexical aspect have been formed the highest percentage in both British and American novels in spite of the differences in the frequency of these verbs between novels. The following procedures will be followed in the present study. Providing a theoretical background of the infinitival and gerundial complements and of aspectual verbs. Selecting the data from British and American novels, and analzing the novels according to the model of Smith (1997) about the classification of aspectual verbs. It has been concluded that the infinitive has been used more in the American novel, while the gerund has been used more in the British novel. The perfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the British novel, while the imperfective viewpoint has been utilized more in the American novel in the grammatical aspect. The high percentage of infinitive and imperfective viewpoint in the American novel clarifies the tendency to indicate an uncompleted action, while the high percentage of gerund and perfective viewpoint in the British novel clarifies the tendency to indicate a completed action. Stative and Activity verbs in the lexical aspect have been formed the highest percentage in both British and American novels in spite of the differences in the frequency of these verbs between novels.
Abstract:-
The title of the thesis (TAQWA "Piety", TAWAKKUL "Trusting” AND NIYYAH "Intention" ARE AMONG THE FACTORS OF ADJUSTMENT) is related to the first legislative source of Islam, the Qur’an, and highlights the positive effects while adhering to the teachings of Islamic Sharia in terms of its importance in building the individual and thus society.
In this study, the researcher follows the objective approach, which includes collecting verses that refer to the issue of piety, trust and intention, and studying the verses objectively according to the sources, language books, ethics, and so on.
I sought to give each topic important headings, then study the topic and clarify it in general, based on narrations an
... Show MoreThe Islamic nation accuses these days of cruelty and extremism, and this is not strange. Every nation comes out
Including the hardline and the extremist, but the self-pity is that these charges have become
It went beyond the example and the mercy of the gift that the Almighty said (and you are to create great)
Al-Qalam: 4, and accusing him of not touching him in dealing with the people of the book and others, so try
It is our humble quest to urge our small speeches to clarify the position of Islam and its Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
And deal with all human beings, and to show the low level of rights that our prophet has proved
Western laws are parts of his administration and adopted in the field
ne,؛Stability constants were determined for complexes of amino acids : L-leuc tryptophane and Aspartic acid with thorium (IV ) and uranyle ( U02++) ions at ؛ serine
Polycyclicacetal was prepared by the reaction of PEG with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Cobalt was used for producing a polymer metal complex and solution casting was used to produce a polymer blend including nano chitosan. All produced compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, DSC/ TGA, and SEM techniques as well as biological activity. The production of polyacetal is illustrated by the FT-IR analysis. The DSC/TGA results indicate the prepared polymer blends' thermal stability. Staphylococcus aureas, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli were the four types of bacteria selected to study and evaluate the antibacterial activity of produced polyacetal, its metal complex, and polymer blend. Results indicates that ther
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Rare earth metal oxides (REMOs) have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their distinctive properties and potential applications in electronic devices and catalysts. Particularly, cerium dioxide (CeO2), also known as ceria, has emerged as an interesting material in a wide variety of industrial, technological, and medical applications. Ceria can be synthesized with various morphologies, including rods, cubes, wires, tubes, and spheres. This comprehensive review offers valuable perceptions into the crystal structure, fundamental properties, and reaction mechanisms that govern the well-established surface-assisted reactions over ceria. The activity, selectivity, and stability of ceria, either as a stand-alone catalyst or as
... Show MoreThe deep learning algorithm has recently achieved a lot of success, especially in the field of computer vision. This research aims to describe the classification method applied to the dataset of multiple types of images (Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and non-SAR images). In such a classification, transfer learning was used followed by fine-tuning methods. Besides, pre-trained architectures were used on the known image database ImageNet. The model VGG16 was indeed used as a feature extractor and a new classifier was trained based on extracted features.The input data mainly focused on the dataset consist of five classes including the SAR images class (houses) and the non-SAR images classes (Cats, Dogs, Horses, and Humans). The Conv
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The preparation and characterization of the Cu (II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) metal complexes of heterocyclic azo ligand 2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4-SuBAI) have been studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectroscopic, magnetic moment and molar conductance methods. The analytical data showed that all chelate complexes were prepared with (metal-ligand) ratio of (1:2). The general formula of these complexes was [ML2X2]. nH2O [were L=2-[(4`-sulphamide phenyl) azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole and X=Cl, and the octahedral geometry were suggested for these complexes .
Columns subjected to pure axial load rarely exist in practice. Reinforced concrete columns are usually subjected to combination of axial and lateral actions and deformations, caused by spatially‐complex loading patterns as during earthquakes causes lateral deflection that in turn affects the horizontal stiffness. In this study, a numerical model was developed in threedimensional nonlinear finite element and then validated against experimental results reported in the literatures,
to investigate the behavior of conventionally RC columns subjected to axial load and . lateral reversal cyclic loading. To achieve this goal, numerical analysis was conducted by using finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit. The variables co
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