Osteoporosis (OP) is asymptomatic disease until the experience of falls or impacts that cause broken bones or fractures happened. Estrogen deficiency, abnormality in bone matrix components and interleukins expression can impact on bone homeostasis which gradually paved to osteoclastogenesis over activation leading to bone loss. A current case-control study was designed to explain the alteration in certain biochemicals, bone matrix components, immunological and molecular parameters that which accompanied with OP in the postmenopausal women. The period of study's investigation was from December 2022 to July 2023. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad Ethical Council (Reference code CSEC/0922/0092, on 26-9-2022). One hundred and ten postmenopausal women were randomly chosen to participate in this study based on specific criteria from Al-Wasity Hospital, Medical City and Al- Imamein Kadhimein Medical City Hospitles, Baghdad, Iraq. The age of the participants was ranged from 45 to 70 years. Firstly, Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan was performed to all participants in order to assess the precence or abscense of OP disease. Out of 110 samples, 70 samples were confirmed with OP. Meanwhile, 40 samples were control. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants to estimated compelet blood count (CBC), immunological parameters as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Rheumatoid Facter (RF), Anticyclical Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA), Interleukin-8 (IL8), Interleukin (IL-17), and Interleukins-22 (IL-22) using enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), and Calicum (Ca+2), bone matrix component parameters osteopontin (OPN), osteocalicn (OCN), and osteonectin (ON), in addition to,Osteopontin gene SNP rs11730582 polymorphism was determined by the Hight Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis. Highly significant (P≤0.01) decrease in WBC count (6.30±0.18 k/mcL) and HGB (9.900±0.132 g/dL) were observed in OP patients as when compared with the control group, WBC was (8.26±0.27k/mcL) and HGB was (13.321±0.287 g/dL), Conversely, highly significant (P≤0.01) increase was recorded in ESR (43.73±1.76 mm/hr), PLT (437.88±7.00 1083/uL) in OP patients in compare with control, (21.10±1.25mm/hr), and (226.79±9.39 1083/uL), respectively. However, highly significant (P≤0.01) increase was noticed in immunological parameters: CRP was (18.26±1.33 pg/ml), RF (IU/ml) results were positive, and ACPA was (23.26±2.74EU/ml) in OP patients when compared with control, CRP (2.92±0.18 pg/ml), RF (IU/ml) results were negative, and ACPA was (6.26±0.56 EU/ml). Beside to, highly significant (P≤0.01) increase was recorded in IL-8 serum level (249.08 ±19.98ng/ml), IL-17 (107.862±9.25ng/ml), and IL-22 (57.73±2.47 ng/ml) in OP patients as compared with the healthy control group were IL-8 (65.29 ± 5.62 ng/ml), IL-17 (46.135 ± 8.66 ng/ml) and IL-22 (13.57 ± 3.16 ng/ml). The mean PTH serum level of OP patients group was (77.80±1.79pg/mL) and in control group was (35.81±2.06pg/mL), whereas a highly significant (P≤0.01) decrease in mean of Ca⁺² serum level was recorded in OP patients (4.89±0.21 mmol/L) in compared with control group (9.63±0.13 mmol/L). Additionally, high significant (P≤0.01) increase was detected in OPN serum level (16.88±0.77 ng/ml) and OCN (29.86±2.25ng/ml) in OP patients as compared with the healthy control group (5.95±0.41ng/ml and 10.73±0.86ng/ml), respectively. In contrast, ON serum level recorded a highly significant (P≤0.01) decrease in the patient group (1.78±0.971ng/ml) compared with the control group (3.42±0.20ng/ml). The frequency of homozygote TT genotype in patient's analysis was, (14.3%), (10/70) than control group (27.5%), (11/40). While, the frequency heterozygote TC and homozygote mutant CC genotypes were [TC= (71.42%) 50/70 and CC= 14.3% (10/70)] and these genotypes frequency were not significantly differet from those of the control group, (TC= 60%, (24/40), and (CC= 12.5% 5/40). P-value was different (0.0158) significantly in genotype distribution of rs11730582 polymorphism in OP patients whereas, the P-value of rs11730582 was (0.1500) non-significant in control group. In conclusion, this study found that OPN, OCN, and ON protein act as a sensitive monitoring indicator can be used in early detection of osteoporosis. And because of the capacity to activate osteoclastogenesis and promote bone resorption, IL-8, IL-17, IL-22 and rs11730582 of OPN gene polymorphism may be serve as a biomarkers, pro-inflammatory and immune-stimulating factors in OP development.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) referring to a syndrome that is recognized as a life-course disease and has both metabolic and reproductive signs; main pathophysiological cause includes insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and oxidative stress state. The study aimed to assess the impact of combining Myoinositol and Metformin, the main insulin-sensitizing drugs, on improving clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in females with PCOS. A clinical trial that was prospective, randomized, and comparative on 54 patients (aged 18-40 y) are divided into three groups: group1 patients allocated to receive Myo-inositol(4g), group2 patients assigned to receive Metformin(1g) and group3 patients assigned to receive Myo-inositol(4g) + Metformin
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This research is a study of the difficulties of learning the Arabic language that faces Arabic language learners in the Kurdistan Region, by revealing its types and forms, which can be classified into two categories:
The first type has difficulties related to the educational system, the source of which is the Arabic language itself, the Arabic teacher or the learner studying the Arabic language or the educational curriculum, i.e. educational materials, or the educational process, i.e. the method used in teaching.
The second type: general difficulties related to the political aspect, the source of which is the policy of the Kurdistan Regional Government in marginalizing the Arabic language and replacing the forefront of th
... Show MoreAbstract This study examines the patterns of women's participation in foreign policymaking and analyzes the extent to which their integration into diplomatic institutions contributes to strengthening the effectiveness of foreign policy decision-making. It focuses on the institutional and administrative frameworks that have facilitated women's access to diplomatic leadership positions and decision-making processes within ministries of foreign affairs and other foreign policy institutions.The study assumes that the effectiveness of women's participation is determined not merely by their numerical representation but by the extent to which such participation is supported by institutional reforms founded on merit, transparency, and professional
... Show MoreBackground: Debonding orthodontic brackets and removal of residual bonding material from the enamel surface include critical steps that may cause enamel damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the site of bond failure and enamel surface damage after debonding of three types of esthetic brackets (composite, ceramic, sapphire) bonded with light cure composite and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive. Materials and methods: Seventy two maxillary premolars teeth were divided into three groups each group consisted of 24 teeth according to the type of brackets. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (12 teeth for each) according to the bonding material that was used. After 7 days of bonding procedure, the brackets
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Forty six Iraqi women with PCOS were involved in this study . They were treated with metformin alone and with antioxidant agents (vitamin E or C).It was found that all patients who treated with metformin or with combination of metformin with antioxidant agents showed significant decrease in hirsutism score. The treatment of metformin with antioxidant agents is of great benefit in treatment of hirsutism in PCOS due to that there was no worsening effect after treatment. This may indicate that antioxidant agents may participate in alleviation of hirsutism so it can be said that oxidative stress may play an important role in developing of hirsutism in PCOS.
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine abnormality in women, there is an increasing evidence for an oxidative stress in PCOS that induce genomic and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid damage that leads directly to reduced fertility. The objectives of this study are to assess and compare the periodontal health status by measuring clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI and BOP)as well as serum levels of superoxide dismutase at gingivitis ,gingivitis with PCOS and healthy periodontium groups, then correlate between clinical and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: 60 females with an age range between (25-40) years old had been tested and divided into3 groups ,the control group consists of (20) f
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Over the last 40 years, rate of cesarean delivery has risen from less than10% to over 30% around the world, and almost simultaneously a 10-foldraise in the incidence of placenta accrete spectrum. Fine coordinationamong vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase1 and placental growth factor is important for normal placentaldevelopment and trophoblast invasion. To measure and compare the levelsof circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factorand soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in pregnant women with placentaaccreta to a control group. A case control study which involved one hundredpregnant females were recruited from the Obstetric ward in BaghdadTeaching Hospital who were pregnant with 28
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