This study seeks to investigate Sinan Antoon’s I’jaam (2004) through applying different theoretical frameworks including those of Althusser (1971) and Foucault (1978). Antoon, considered as one of the most internationally recognized Iraqi writers, wrote this dystopian, war novel in Arabic and translated it to English. Antoon’s emphasis placed on literature acting as an oppositional political voice has, in turn, created its own form of censorship inside the fictional world and outside the actual state censorship during Saadm Hossein reign. Thus, particular political messages within literary texts, like I’jaam, have been received with critical attention. The writing culture in Iraq has established an atmosphere in which literary critics and authors have valued specific types of texts that deal with social and political themes. I’jaam’s background reveals how in the twentieth century, the world has become an ever more violent place; the growth of ethnic and sectarian conflicts, the rise of extremist movements and censorship have increasingly trapped people in an unending chaos and violence. For numerous generations, Iraq has been suffering from a long history of war and violence. Accordingly, this paper aims to establish a bond between Althusserian and Foucauldian frameworks in order to analyze war and peace dichotomy and to reflect on such themes that shape the backbone of I’jaam. It is concluded that fulfilling basic human needs such as the sense of justice, freedom of speech and physical and financial security will serve to mitigate desires for revenge among victims and will help to diffuse inter-community tensions.
This work involved the successful synthesis of three new Schiff base complexes, including Ni(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The Schiff base ligand was created by reacting the malonyldihydrazide molecule with naphthaldehyde, and the final step involved reacting the ligand with the corresponding metallic chloride yielding pure target complexes. FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass, and UV/Vis spectroscopies were used to comprehensively characterize the produced complexes. These substances have been employed in this study to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and lessen the photo-degradation of its polymeric chains. Several methods, including FTIR, weight loss, viscosity average molecular weight, light and atomic force microscopy, and energy disper
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In Baghdad city, Iraq, the traffic volumes have rapidly grown during the last 15 years. Road networks need to reevaluate and decide if they are operating properly or not regarding the increase in the number of vehicles. Al-Jadriyah intersection (a four-leg signalized intersection) and Kamal Junblat Square (a multi-lane roundabout), which are two important intersections in Baghdad city with high traffic volumes, were selected to be reevaluated by the SIDRA package in this research. Traffic volume and vehicle movement data were abstracted from videotapes by the Smart Traffic Analyzer (STA) Software. The performance measures include delay and LOS. The analysis results by SIDRA Intersection 8.0.1 show that the performance of the roundab
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In this paper, fire resistance and residual capacity tests were carried out on encased pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) I-beams with high-strength concrete beams. The specimens were loaded concurrently under 25% of the ultimate load and fire exposure (an increase in temperature of 700 °C) for 70 min. Subsequently, the fire-damaged specimens were allowed to cool and then were loaded statically until failure to explore the residual behaviors. The effects of using shear connectors and web stiffeners on the residual behavior were investigated. Finite Element (FE) analysis was developed to simulate the encased pultruded GFRP I-beams under the effect of fire loading. The thermal analyses were performed using the general-pu
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It is recognized that organisms live and interact in groups, exposing them to various elements like disease, fear, hunting cooperation, and others. As a result, in this paper, we adopted the construction of a mathematical model that describes the interaction of the prey with the predator when there is an infectious disease, as well as the predator community's characteristic of cooperation in hunting, which generates great fear in the prey community. Furthermore, the presence of an incubation period for the disease provides a delay in disease transmission from diseased predators to healthy predators. This research aims to examine the proposed mathematical model's solution behavior to better understand these elements' impact on an eco-epidemi
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Rare earth metal oxides (REMOs) have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their distinctive properties and potential applications in electronic devices and catalysts. Particularly, cerium dioxide (CeO2), also known as ceria, has emerged as an interesting material in a wide variety of industrial, technological, and medical applications. Ceria can be synthesized with various morphologies, including rods, cubes, wires, tubes, and spheres. This comprehensive review offers valuable perceptions into the crystal structure, fundamental properties, and reaction mechanisms that govern the well-established surface-assisted reactions over ceria. The activity, selectivity, and stability of ceria, either as a stand-alone catalyst or as
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Background: Fenugreek seeds are used as food ingredient in traditional medicines; also aspirin is an incredible chemical with many useful benefits in the medical field. The objective was to study the effect of aspirin and fenugreek on testes of mice.
Method: 20 white male mice weighing (18-23gm) were divided into four groups 5 each. Group 1, represented control, group 2, mice treated with fenugreek seed (100mg/KgB.W), group 3 mice treated with aspirin (10mg/Kg B.W), group 4 mice treated with aspirin and fenugreek seed for 21 days. Body weight and testes weights were recorded. Histopathological examination of testes was carried out.
Results: a significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight of mice treated w
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Multiple applications use offline handwritten signatures for human verification. This fact increases the need for building a computerized system for signature recognition and verification schemes to ensure the highest possible level of security from counterfeit signatures. This research is devoted to developing a system for offline signature verification based on a combination of local ridge features and other features obtained from applying two-level Haar wavelet transform. The proposed system involves many preprocessing steps that include a group of image processing techniques (including: many enhancement techniques, region of interest allocation, converting to a binary image, and Thinning). In feature extraction and
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