Giardia lamblia is one of most common protozoan cause diarrheas, and the most health problem in development countries worldwide. Our work aimed to assess activity and toxicity of metronidazole loaded silver nanoparticles in treatment of acute giardiasis in mice. After inoculated mice with Giardia cysts in a dose of 105 cyst for acute infection, treatments were given for eight days. Number Giardia cysts in stool were discovered. Toxicity nanoparticles was estimated by Measurement oxidative stress markers (GSH) and (MDA) in liver, kidney tissue homogenate. The results showed single therapy was better effect by silver nanoparticles, highest percentages of reduction in number of cysts Giardia lamblia of infected mice treated with silver nanopar

The aim of this study was to know the inhibition activity of squeezed grape waste extract on Bacillus stearpthermophilus by using three different tempretures degree 40, 60 and 80c, in order to reduce the time exposure of food for preservation. This study include two branchs: First: isolation and identification of Bacillus stearothermophilus from soil, 5 sample were collected from the soil of the college agriculture/Baghdad university. Samples were cultured on nutrient agar, microscopic and culturing tests were conducted and many biochemical tests were done. The isolates were cultivated at 55 c and 65 c for differentiate it from Bacillus coagulans which is can^'t grow at 65 c^o. The c

Thiamine stimulates the production of a red pigment , which is chromatographically and spectrophotometrically identical to prodigiosin , by growing cultures of serratia marcescens mutant 9-3-3 . this mutant is blocked in the formation of 2- methyl -3- amyl pyrorol( MAP),the monopyrrole moiety of prodigiosin , but accumulates 4-methoxy-2, 2-bipyrrole -5- carboxaldehyde (MBC) and can couple this compound with( MAP) to form prodigiosin . Addition of thiamine caused production of( MAP) , and as little as 0.02 mg of thiamine / ml in peptone- glycerol medium stimulated production of measurable amounts of prodigiosin. Phosphate saltes and another type of peptone decreased the thiamine- induced formation of prodigiosin ,yeast extract and glyc

Ghar Formation outcrop at the Iraqi western desert was studied by microfacies analysis
of (13) thin sections collected from wadi Al-Ratgha ( west of Qaim ) . According to
petrographic com position and organisms content ,rocks were subdivided into (4)
microfacies units :bioclastic wackestone , mudstone , miliolids wackestone , and grainstone
with aggregate grains microfacies .Microfacies units reflect shallow marine environment of
low circulation of very warm water at the middle part . The lower and middle part
interbedded with quite open marine environment below the wave base . The upper part was
deposited at shallow marine environment of low circulation . The main diagenetic processes
were the transformation ( ty

Arum maculatum is traditionally used for the control of many diseases and illnesses such as kidney pain, liver injury, hemorrhoids. However, the detailed biomedical knowledge about this species is still lacking. This study reports on the bioactive components and the possible mechanisms underlying the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of A. maculatum leaf extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for phytochemical analysis. Assay of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ) (MTT) was used to determine the cytotoxicity in the murine cell line L20B upon exposure to different extract concentrations for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect pro-in

Morus alba, member of the Moraceae family, is a perennial tree utilized in folk medicine, preparing the modern drug, and considered the main food for silkworms. However, data on chemical content in the leaves is still limited; the main objective of this study is to detect the presence and determine the concentration of different polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of the Morus alba plant by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethyl acetate extract of this plant on human breast cancer (AMJ-13) cell line. Phytochemical analysis of the Morus alba leaves ethyl acetate extract led to identifying and quantification of six polyphenolic constituents designated as phenolic a

The formation of the identity of the ego associates with adolescence and the beginnings of youth, where represents the basic requirement for growth. This stage reflects a turning point towards the necessary autonomy for the growth of normal in adulthood that needs the ego growth from his point of view to pass eight consecutive stages of the individual faces in each particular crisis. It is determined by its growth path depending on the nature of solved positively or negatively, influenced by several factors: biological, social, cultural, personal, and a dogmatic obstacle to personal thinking which refers to the kind of sclerotic thought a bigot to the inside of obsolete beliefs refuse to discuss and consider. The final idea is debatable