The dye–semiconductor interface between N749 sensitized and zinc semiconductor (ZnSe) has been investigated and studied according to quantum transition theory with focusing on the electron transfer processes from the N749 sensitized (donor) to the ZnSe semiconductor (acceptor). The electron transfer rate constant and the orientation energy were studied and evaluated depended on the polarity of solvents according to refractive index and dielectric constant coefficient of solvents and ZnSe semiconductor. Attention focusing on the influence of orientation energies on the behavior of electron transfer rate constant. Differentdata of rate constant was discussion with orientation energy and effective driving energy for N749-ZnSe system. Furthermore, the electron transfer rate constant is increased with less orientation energy at less effective driving energy while the electron transfer rate constant increased with large orientation energy with large effective driving energy, as seen as the electron transfer rate reach to 1.3109 × 1011 with less orientation energy has 0.188708eV at effective driving energy E=0.22eV comparing the rate reach to 9.7207× 10−96 with driving energy E=1.89eV and same orientation energy. In general, the electron transfer rate constant increases with increases the coupling coefficient of system, its indicate that alignment of energy levels are very good between N749 sensitized metal and ZnSe semiconductor.
The present study is carried out to identify the algae in the groundwater of the three areas of Tikrit city, including (the center of Tikrit , the region of AL-Jazira , Awainat village) by nine wells, a depths ranged between 9 meter at well 8 and 110 meter at wells 3 and 5 . And examined the environmental characteristics of physical, chemical and biological factors during the study period from September 2009 to June 2010. It is obtained that wells in the study area is lower alkalinity, average it ranged (6.448-7.418). It was noted that the values of the dissolved oxygen are few and almost non-existent in some cases it ranged between (6.5-6.3)mg/l , analysis of biological oxygen demand refers to wells water (clean- very clean) average
... Show MoreRelationship between thyroid dysfunction and periodontal disease has been mediated through an immune response. Cytokines are implicated in the initiation, consequences of immune response and a crucial role in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease, directly target thyroid follicular cells; and in the development and progression of periodontitis. This study aimed to detect cytokines levels which known to be associated with periodontitis in serum and saliva, to test the hypothesis that hypothyroidism influences the levels of biomarkers of periodontitis. Samples were collected from sixty patients with hypothyroid age ranged (20-64) years, thirty of patients were without periodontitis (group I) and 30 with periodontal disease (II); moreover, 30 su
... Show MoreThe present research was carried out to assess the toxic effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Nerium oleander leaves and flowers daily at doses of (25) mg/kg body weight for four weeks in mice. The toxicity of this plant parts was determined after two and four weeks by measuring the parameters of cytogenetic (mitotic index, micronucleus %), and serum levels of the hematological (RBC, Hb, WBC) and biochemical (GOT, GPT, ALT, AST) indexes in comparison with that of the control (normal saline), also clinical signs were determined. The results showed a significant decrease in mitotic index while an obvious raise was seen in micronucleus percentage in comparison with that of the control after the two periods of admini
... Show MoreCapparis spinosa is one of the oldest genera grown in Iraqi land with worldwide traditional medicinal uses beside the culinary uses. These uses were own to the presence of many phytochemical including flavonoids, polyphenols. Among the reported polyphenolic acids are caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids with well-known powerful antioxidant properties. The present work aimed to identify the presence of these polyphenolic acids in Iraqi caper naturally gown in the rural area of middle Iraq following standard chromatographic procedures. Aerial parts of the plant (buds, berries and leaves) were extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent by maceration method. Thin layer chromatographic techniques and HPLC analysis were performed to iden
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to measure the effect of Adey- Shire model in the achievement and critical thinking of first intermediate female students in mathematics. The researcher adopted the experimental method with a post-test, the research of sample consists of (60) female students, divided into two groups with (30) students in the experimental group, that studied with Adey- Shire model, and (30) students in the control group who studied in the usual way. The two groups are equivalent in many variables. The researcher makes two tests of multiple choices, the first one is an achievement test consists (30) items and another test was for a critical thinking test with (25) items. The statistical analysis make to both tests is made with s
... Show MoreCosmetic products must be safe for use by consumers , It is also regulated and required the legislation of countries all over the world . In this study out of 80 cosmetic products analyzed and 32.5% were found to be contaminated .Products such as mascara, lip pencil and eye pencil were analyzed . The contaminants including bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylocoocus epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia which were ranging in number from (103-104 ) C.F.U. /ml and fungi such as Penicillium spp. , <
... Show MoreAnd the necessity for the progress of modern societies Because the scientific and objective characteristics that characterize modern societies and distinguish them from traditional societies, Is represented by the extent of its innovative achievements in the theoretical, applied and material scientific and spiritual fields. It should be noted that quality and innovation in modern societies is based on two main pillars, Standard measures for measuring and evaluating innovations to achieve their high quality, And the dissemination of the culture of innovation to spread awareness of the importance and conditions of success, and this is done by the advanced industrial countries, However, despite the great disparity between developed industri
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