Background: In spite of all efforts, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal solid tumor with a poor prognosis as of its high metastasis and resistance to present treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as erlotinib are efficient in treating NSCLC but the emergence of chemoresistance and adverse effects substantially limits their single use. Objective: in this study, the combination treatments of either 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or cinnamic acid (CINN) with erlotinib (ERL) were tested for their possible synergistic effect on the proliferation and migration capacity of NSCLC cells. Methods: In this study, NSCLC model cell line A549 was used to investigate the effects of single compounds and their combination on cell growth inhibition, clonogenic potential, and migration capacity. Next, the Combination index (CI) and the Dose-Reduction Index (DRI) were determined to determine the nature of the drug’s combination and to measure how many folds the dose could be lowered for each drug in a synergistic combination. Results: the combination treatment demonstrated more significant inhibition of viability of A549 cells compared to individual therapy. Our data show that CINN augments the sensitivity to erlotinib in all doses tested. The combination of 2DG or CINN with erlotinib also reduced the clonogenicity of NSCLC cells up to 67% and 85%, respectively, as compared to the erlotinib single treatment. Furthermore, CINN +ERL decreased the migratory ability of A549 cells by 3-fold and further induced much more apoptotic cell death phenotypes. Conclusion: in summary, co-administration of 2DG or cinnamic acid with erlotinib increases the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on NSCLC cell tumorigenicity and migration.
This research a mining at evaluation the efficiency of the nursing performance depended on standards of W.H.O. via application standards of W.H.O on the nursing personnel in medical city office, in light of it, it has design world evaluation list, and a sample was chosen from the nursing personnel in given researched the organization whom they are evaluated according to the standards of W.H.O for the nursing performance included of ten standards, divided in to 45 question , besides the evaluation list, the researcher get assistance of some tools of collection information via actual checking and personal interviews, a number of statistical means were used to manipulate t
... Show MoreThe research aims to study the marketing costs in its various items, which are important costs as it specializes in tunnels on the marketing side through which the company's services are introduced to ensure that these services reach as many segments of society as possible, which serves the company's objectives and expand its business and increase its market share. As well as the definition of profitability and its relation to marketing costs in the portfolios of the national insurance company. The research hypothesis was formulated to study and analyze the relationship and impact between the marketing costs and profitability of the research sample company. The research sample was determined by the National General Insurance Comp
... Show MoreIn this research we prepared nanofibers by electrospinning
from poly (Vinyl Alcohol) / TiO2. The spectrum of the solution
(Emission) was studied at 772 nm. Several process parameter were
Investigated as concentration of PVA, the effect of distance from
nozzle tip to the grounded collector (gap distance), and final the
effect of high voltage. We find the optimum condition to prepare a
narrow nanofibers is at concentration of PVA 16gm, the fiber has
20nm diameter
Dental implants can be made of various materials, and amongst them, titanium and titanium alloy were the materials of choice for dental implants for many years because of their biocompatibility. The two alloys have a high level of biocompatibility, a lower modulus of elasticity, and better corrosion resistance than other alloys. Thus, they are frequently utilized in biomedical applications and mostly replace stiff fabrics. The latest advances in a new strontium oxide–cp titanium composite alloy are the main topic of this research. With regard to biomedical applications, additions of strontium oxide were synthesized at three distinct weight percentages (2%, 4%, and 6% by wt%). Powder metallurgy was used to create the alloys, which
... Show MoreThe objective of the research is to identify the effect of the five-finger strategy on the holistic thinking of chemistry students in the second intermediate grade, where the sample consisted of 60 female students in a second classfrom one of the intermediate schools in Baghdad city, divided into two groups: control and experimental. The experimental design was based on the partial control; the scientific course was defined in the third and fourth chapters of the science book of the second intermediate grade.The two research tools were prepared: the attainment test with the scientific course and the holistic thinking scale paragraph (36) of multiple-choice pre- and posttest. The results showed a statistically significant difference between
... Show MoreAbstract: Background: Drug toxicity and chemotherapeutic side effects negatively impact the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical Interventions (PI) on quality of life (QOL)Among chemotherapy intake breast cancer women. Method: A pre-post interventional study was carried out at the chemotherapy ward of Alhabobi Hospital in Alnasiriyah City. Eligible patients received comprehensive pharmaceutical care and a self-compiled Breast Cancer Patients Medication Knowledge Guide pamphlet. Each patient received two sessions, the first at baseline and the second after 7, 14, or 21 days depending on the next taking dose of chemotherapy. Each session lasted for approximately 15-30 minutes. Par
... Show MoreThe study presents the modification of the Broyden-Flecher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) update (H-Version) based on the determinant property of inverse of Hessian matrix (second derivative of the objective function), via updating of the vector s ( the difference between the next solution and the current solution), such that the determinant of the next inverse of Hessian matrix is equal to the determinant of the current inverse of Hessian matrix at every iteration. Moreover, the sequence of inverse of Hessian matrix generated by the method would never approach a near-singular matrix, such that the program would never break before the minimum value of the objective function is obtained. Moreover, the new modification of BFGS update (H-vers
... Show MoreZinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films of different thickness were prepared
on ultrasonically cleaned corning glass substrate, by pulsed laser
deposition technique (PLD) at room temperature. Since most
application of ZnO thin film are certainly related to its optical
properties, so the optical properties of ZnO thin film in the
wavelength range (300-1100) nm were studied, it was observed that
all ZnO films have high transmittance (˃ 80 %) in the wavelength
region (400-1100) nm and it increase as the film thickness increase,
using the optical transmittance to calculate optical energy gap (Eg
opt)
show that (Eg
opt) of a direct allowed transition and its value nearly
constant (~ 3.2 eV) for all film thickness (150