Background: In spite of all efforts, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal solid tumor with a poor prognosis as of its high metastasis and resistance to present treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as erlotinib are efficient in treating NSCLC but the emergence of chemoresistance and adverse effects substantially limits their single use. Objective: in this study, the combination treatments of either 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) or cinnamic acid (CINN) with erlotinib (ERL) were tested for their possible synergistic effect on the proliferation and migration capacity of NSCLC cells. Methods: In this study, NSCLC model cell line A549 was used to investigate the effects of single compounds and their combination on cell growth inhibition, clonogenic potential, and migration capacity. Next, the Combination index (CI) and the Dose-Reduction Index (DRI) were determined to determine the nature of the drug’s combination and to measure how many folds the dose could be lowered for each drug in a synergistic combination. Results: the combination treatment demonstrated more significant inhibition of viability of A549 cells compared to individual therapy. Our data show that CINN augments the sensitivity to erlotinib in all doses tested. The combination of 2DG or CINN with erlotinib also reduced the clonogenicity of NSCLC cells up to 67% and 85%, respectively, as compared to the erlotinib single treatment. Furthermore, CINN +ERL decreased the migratory ability of A549 cells by 3-fold and further induced much more apoptotic cell death phenotypes. Conclusion: in summary, co-administration of 2DG or cinnamic acid with erlotinib increases the inhibitory effects of erlotinib on NSCLC cell tumorigenicity and migration.
Abstract Lateral Epicondylitis (LE) which has been referred to as the Tennis Elbow as well is a lesion affecting common tendinous origins of wrist extensors due to chronic overuse injury that results in damaging common extensor tendons which join forearm extensor muscles to humerus. The aim of the present evidence-based clinical statement is reviewing scientific evidences for efficacy of a variety of the rehabilitation methods, chronic lateral epicondylitis management. It is focused upon treating chronic lateral epicondylitis and the latest developments in physiotherapy area for managing chronic lateral epicondylitis. Due to the fact that primary physical impairments in the LE are decreased is the strength of the grip, fundamentally due to
... Show MoreSome methods recommended abroad to control the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis L., attacking the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies were tested, with some modifications, for the first time under the Iraqi conditions. One of these methods was carried out by covering the hive entrance with a piece of queen excluder to prevent the hornet from entering the hive. Also, the position of hive stand was reversed to deprive the hornet from using the flight board as a stage for waiting and creeping toward the defending bees. The second method was carried out by fixing a cardboard cone as a bee passage at the hive entrance to hinder the entry of the hornet into the hive. Both of these methods were found to be unsuccessful to
... Show MoreThe current research studies the aesthetic framework for the dialectical development of the functions of the contemporary theater director in an aesthetic approach to the mechanisms of functional overlap between the dramaturgy and direction functions, and scenography and direction, the detection of the controversial structure of that overlap, and what can be summed up in the following question: (what are the aesthetic approaches of the dialectical development in the function of the contemporary theatre director?). The research is determined by a pivotal aim which is (knowing the aesthetic nature of the dialectical development in
Die Zusammenfassung :
In der Forschung „ Die Wirkungen der Nachkriegliteratur „ findet man einen Überblick über die Wirkungen der Literatur im Allgemeinen und besonders über die Wirkungen der Nachkriegliteratur in Deutschland. Das Kurzgeschichte „ das Brot“ von Wolfgang Borchert „ wird in dieser Forschung als Beispiel analysiuert, weil sie die Nachteile des Kriegs und ihre Wirkungen auf die Familienbeziehungen behandelt. Die Hauptfiguren der Kurzgeschichte sind ein alter Mann und seine Frau. Der Schriftsteller bestimmt die Rolle der Frauen in Deutschland. Die Frau in dieser Geschichte ist stärker als ihren Mann , denn er war lügner und schwach.
Post-war Literature has an e
... Show MoreThe importance of this research comes from the possibility of achieving positive interaction between accounting and tax through the interest in setting accounting standards and adapting them to local tax legislation, as the adoption of the application of the international standard (IAS 12) for income taxes helps to measure and determine the base for income tax and may lead to an increase in the tax outcome. Through the reliance of enterprises on many accounting bases, and that the tax administration in Iraq depends on the element of personal judgment in determining the tax base, which leads to lack of objectivity in determining the tax outcome, as the impact of the accounting standard (IAS 12) on the tax base and tax outcome is one of th
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Metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon related to people's cultures. It is an integral part of cultural heritage. This paper tackles the use of animal-based metaphors in the field of football club titles so as to draw comparisons between those in Russian with their counterparts in Arabic. Names of animals are used to refer to some clubs and teams, where these names or titles reflect animal features such as strength, preying on victims; or animal figures are employed in the club symbols, or due to the similarity of the club shirt to the animal outer shapes in colours. For instance, "an-Nawaris", which means gulls in English, is used to refer to az-Zawraa club du
... Show MoreThe present study is entitled “Problems of Translating Holy Qur’an Antonyms into German: An Analytical Study”. It discusses some of the problems of translating Holy Qur’an verses that contain words so opposite in meaning to another word. The main concern of the study stresses some of the errors in translating the oppositeness of certain words of Holy Qur’an from Arabic into other languages like German, a problem that can be traced back to the fact that such words may have two opposites in meaning, one is considered and the other is completely neglected.
The errors in translating al Qur’an Antonyms can be summarized for several reasons: literal translation, ignorance of the different view
... Show MoreIn light of the developments and intense competition that the world has witnessed, the need to search for a sustainable and continuous competitive advantage for economic units has emerged, as the economic units must not lose sight of their interest in the activities they perform to achieve that advantage, and it can be said that the goal of the research is to identify the theoretical dimensions of the green value chain represented by: (Green research and development, green design, green manufacturing, green marketing, green services) and the dimensions of the sustainable competitive advantage represented by (quality, creativity, innovation, cost, response to the customer), as well as identifyi
... Show MoreInform the people of the Enlightenment including what was said in detail
In photography
For Mohammed Hashim bin Ahmed footy famous Balva Hashim (Tel: 1349 e)
This research paper tries to show the significance of the narrative structure in the television advertisement and its connotations. The researchers chose the annual advertisement of Zain Mobile Telecommunication Company for the year 2020, which shed light on the global Corona pandemic crisis. The idea of the advertisement won wide approval as it focused on the suffering that everyone is witnessing like medical and security personnel in particular, and family relationships consequences.
In addition to the positive global interaction with the message presented by the Company in these exceptional circumstances. The advertisement, which lasted for 2.35 minutes, exceeded 13 million views in a short period of time. This prompted us to choos