Purpose: This study aimed to assess the thickness of alveolar bone of maxillary and mandibular incisors from orthodontics perspective. Materials and Method: A total of 73 Cone beam computed tomography for Iraqi patients (47 females and 26 males) were included in this study. The selected images were captured and imported to AutoCAD database software to perform the measurement. To measure alveolar bone thickness, a reference line was drawn through the long axis of each incisor, from the incisal edge to the root apex. Then, labial and lingual/palatal perpendicular lines were drawn to the reference line at 3, 6, and 9mm apically from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Results: The buccal bone is generally thinner than the lingual/palatal bone. The bone gets relatively thicker closer to the apex. The buccal bone for all lower incisors was less than 1 mm at 3- and 6-mm distance. It was slightly thicker at the central incisor as compared to the lateral at 9-mm distance. Genders have a difference in the thickness of the palatal alveolar bone in their right and left lateral incisors, which are 3mm and 9mm, respectively. Alveolar bone thickness is significantly positively correlated with several teeth. Conclusions: Males and females in this study showed comparable alveolar bone thickness. The alveolar bone thickness increased with increasing age. It is essential to assess the thickness of alveolar bone pre-orthodontic treatment (especially for patients with thin biotype, and those cases that involve labial proclination of the lower incisors).
Background: Atherosclerosis is well known related to age and certain cardiovascular diseases. Aging is one reason of arteries function deterioration which can cause loss of compliance and plaque accumulation, this effect increases by the presence of certain diseases such as hypertension and diabetes disease. Aim: To investigate the reduction of blood supply to the brain in patients with diabetes and hypertension with age and the role of resistive index in the diagnosis of reduced blood flow. Method: Patients with both diseases diabetic and hypertension were classified according to their age to identify the progression of the disease and factors influencing the carotid artery blood flow. By using ultrasound and standard Doppler techniq
... Show MoreTelevision culture has become the most dangerous of our time. It manipulates with minds and hearts together; and forms consciousness. It transforms societies into actual forces rejecting certain principles by guiding the media landscape through visible connotations acceptable to the public; or provokes the citizen against elements that put a burden on the viewer or the public in order to create a positive reaction to the subject of combating terrorism by combining these ads in line with what the public wants of security and tranquility and a decent living after suffering from terrorism in the past years.
Therefore, this research deals with television advertisements as one of the most important fo
... Show MoreAPFS Mohammed, 2014
The long healing time of bone after tooth extraction in order to construct artificial teeth is uncomfortable to the patient because of aesthetic or masticatory problems in addition to the daily visit to dental clinic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 805 nm diode laser with long time intervals on repair of bone and skin incisions in rabbits through biochemical, radiological and histological findings. Eighteen New-Zealand rabbits were undergone surgical operations to make a cavity in the bone of the lower jaw, the rabbits were divided into two groups:- Group A (control group) containing nine rabbits. Group B (lased group) containing nine rabbits in which two cavities were done, one on the right side and the other
... Show MoreThe aim of the study was extraction of arial part of Euphorbia cyathophora constituents with methanol and evaluate its effect on mitotic index and total chromosomal aberration bone marrow cell and spleen cell in mice 200 gm of E. cyathophora fine powder was defatted then extracted by cold maceration 80% ethanol for seven days. The extract was filtered and dried in a rotary evaporator then the dried extract was suspended with water and consecutively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate for each. The aqueous layer was then mixed with 100ml methanol. These fractions are dried under reduced pressure to obtain the dry extract. Twenty-four Albino mice were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: Gr
... Show MoreThe current research aims to evaluate the appraisal form for Arabic language teachers in light of comprehensive quality standards by designing standards for the competencies of primary school teacher in accordance with comprehensive quality requirements. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The research community included the Arabic language supervisors in the Education Directorates of Diyala Provincial and Baghdad. The research sample consisted of (14) supervisors from the Diyala Provincial Department of Education and the First Rusafa Education Directorate in Baghdad Governorate by (8) supervisors and (6) Supervisors respectively specializing in Arabic language. As for the research tool, questionnaire prepared by the researc
... Show MoreBlockchain represents a new promising technology with a huge economic impact resulting from its uses in various fields such as digital currency and banking; malware represents a serious threat to users, and there are many differences in the effectiveness of antivirus software used to deal with the problem of malware. This chapter has developed a coefficient for measuring the effectiveness of antivirus software. This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of antivirus software by conducting tests on a group of protection programs using a folder containing an amount of data. These programs are applied to combat viruses contained in this folder. The study revealed that the effectiveness of antivirus software is as follows: AVG scored 0%,
... Show MoreThis paper presents a three-dimensional Dynamic analysis of a rockfill dam with different foundation depths by considering the dam connection with both the reservoir bed and water. ANSYS was used to develop the three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of the rockfill dam. The essential objective of this study is the discussion of the effects of different foundation depths on the Dynamic behaviour of an embanked dam. Four foundation depths were investigated. They are the dam without foundation (fixed base), and three different depths of the foundation. Taking into consideration the changing of upstream water level, the empty, minimum, and maximum water levels, the results of the three-dimensional F
The mobile phone is widespread all over the world. This technology is one of the most widespread with more than five billion subscriptions making people describe this interaction system as Wireless Intelligence. Mobile phone networks become the focus of attention of researchers, organizations and governments due to its penetration in all life fields. Analyzing mobile phone traces allows describing human mobility with accuracy as never done before. The main objective in this contribution is to represent the people density in specific regions at specific duration of time according to raw data (mobile phone traces). This type of spatio-temporal data named CDR (Call Data Records), which have properties of the time and spatial indications for th
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