Background : To assess the actual practice of breast self-examination (BSE), as an early detection tool for breast cancer, among a sample of patients affected with breast cancer in Iraq.Methods: A random sample of 200 female patients with breast cancer was analyzed to evaluate the extent of their actual practice of breast self-examination before the diagnosis of the disease.  The examined variables included the age of the patients, marital status, education, occupation, smoking habit, family history of cancer, frequency of gravidity, parity and abortions. Results: The age of patients ranged from (24-70) years with a mean age of 48 years. The highest frequency of the examined sample

Background:-M. pneumoniae is an important human pathogen that produces community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection is challenging and crucial for the timely initiation of the effective antibiotic therapy.
Objective: This study has been undertaken to detect M. pneumoniae in respiratory samples (throat swabs, throat wash and sputum) in patients with respiratory tract infection qualitatively by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, more advanced one, real time PCR was used to determine mycoplasmal target gene qualitatively and quantitatively.
Patients and methods: The study was performed on Seventy-five patients and thirty healthy subject as control. Genomic DNA was extracted and

protein oxidation through oxidative stress, which represents the overall status of the protein in the cell/tissue. Due to their increased levels of AOPPs were reported during T2DM. The aim of this study was to assess AOPP level in T2DM subjects with foot ulcer (DFU) and explore its correlation with infection. Type 2 diabetic patients (n=108) and healthy subjects (n=25) were enrolled in this study. The T2DM group was subdivided to diabetic patients without complications (n=25) and eighty-three (83) of them have diabetic foot. They were sub- grouped into two groups according to presence Osteomyelitis and abscess, and in reliance on medical analysis of WBC count and CRP. Group of diabetic without superficial or deep ulcer and no osteomyelitis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by local and systemic effects of inflammation has a wide range of biochemical markers implicated directly or indirectly to its pathogenesis.

Patients and method: Serum of (55 Females) of newly diagnosed RA and 23 healthy Females were used to estimate their interlukine levels.Objective: To evaluate interlukine 35 (IL-35) in Iraqi females with newly diagnosed
RA and to assess its contribution in the disease process.

Results: Females of RA showed a significant increase in the levels of interleukine 35(IL-35) and in the levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs CRP). While there

Background: Hyperthyroidism refers to overactive of thyroid gland leading to excessive synthesis of thyroid hormones and accelerated metabolism in the peripheral tissue.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate a new member of the IL-1 super family of cytokines interleukin-33(IL-33) levels in serum .in order to evaluate its utility as clinical bio marker of autoimmune disease (i.e. hyperthyroidism)
Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 patients from the Iraqi female patients with hyperthyroidism attending Baghdad teaching hospital, in addition to 30 healthy controls. All subjects were (35-65) years old. Parameters measured in the sera of patients and healthy groups, were interleukin -33 (IL-33), Thyroxin (T4), Thyro

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder . PCOS affects 6–10% of women during their reproductive life. Patients with PCOS are in the high risk for coronary heart disease because of their abnormal lipid profile, insulin resistance and obesity. The present study aimed to shed a light on the contribution of  sialic acid, paraoxonase and immunoglobulin G as a clinical indicator in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Seventy five female patients with age range (16-38) years taken from Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital and AlZahrawi Hospital in Governorate of    Messan through the period from July 2013 to December 2013 and twenty five apparently health subject as a control group were

Background: Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes.
Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate patients’ molecular profile (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and Ki-67).
Patients & Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Baghdad oncology teaching hospital from December 2015 to April 2016, carried on 100 breast cancer female patients with their age range from 27 to 73 years old and with their histopathology reports and (IHC) results.
Results: The highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 5th (40-49 years) and 6th (50-59 years) decades o

Back ground: The study was conducted on fifty patients (27 males and 20 females) with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), at
artificial Kidney unit, Al- Hakeem Hospital / Najaf, during the perioed from April to June 2008.
Patients & methods: Plasma osmolarity ( Posm), plasma creatinine (P cr ) plasma urea (P urea)>plasma sodium (P Na)and plasma potassium ( P k )were measured for
all patients before and after dialysis.
Results: The paired t -test was used to compare the pre-dialysis values with the post dialysis values and simple linear correlation to study the relation between (P
Na), and ( Posm), p values less than 0.05 considered not significant. The result of&

Background: The present study aimed to assess the distribution, prevalence, severity of malocclusion in Baghdad governorate in relation to gender and residency Materials and Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling technique was used in this investigation to make the sample a representative of target population. The sample consisted of 2700 (1349 males and 1351 females) intermediate school students aged 13 years representing 3% of the total target population. A questionnaire was used to determine the perception of occlusion and orthodontic treatment demand of the students and the assessment procedures for occlusal features by direct intraoral measurement using veriner and an instrument to measure the rotated and displaced teeth. Results a