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The effect of chlorine and combined chlorine/UV treatment on coliphages in drinking water disinfection
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Chlorine disinfection is a globally used method to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, it has not always been successful against viruses and, therefore, it is important to find new methods to disinfect water. Seventeen different coliphages were isolated from the treated municipal wastewater. These coliphages and MS2 were treated with different dosages of chlorine in drinking water, and a combined chlorine/ultraviolet irradiation treatment for the chlorine-resistant coliphages. Chlorine disinfection with 0.3–0.5 mg/L total chlorine (free Cl-dosage 0.12–0.21 mg/L) for 10 min achieved 2.5–5.7 Log10-reductions for 11 sensitive coliphages. The six most resistant coliphages showed no reduction with these chlorine concentrations. MS2 was intermediate in chlorine resistance, and thus it is not a good indicator for viruses in chlorine disinfection. In the combined treatment total chlorine of 0.05–0.25 mg/L (free Cl-dosage 0.02–0.08 mg/L) and ultraviolet irradiation (14–22 mWs/cm2) were more effective than chlorine alone, and 3–5 Log10-reductions were achieved for the chlorine-resistant strains. The chlorination efficiency could be increased by higher dosages and longer contact times, but this could increase the formation of disinfection by-products. Therefore, the combination treatment is a recommended disinfection method.

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 15 2019
Journal Name
Route Educational & Social Science Journal
The effect of the 4-H model on self-regulated learning and life skills for female chemistry students in the second intermediate year
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences
Evaluating the Effect of Showing the Dental Injector to Children on Their Dental Behavior in Relation to the Vital Signs And Maternal Anxiety
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract from Curcuma Longa on Some Parameters of Cytogenetic, Immunity and Fertility in Female Mice
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The research work was conducted to investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of turmeric at doses of (5, 10) mg/kg body weight for two weeks daily by determining the genotoxic effect (mitotic index), evaluation of immunological effect (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4) and measuring fertility hormones (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH, lutenising hormone/LH) levels with histological examinations of female albino swiss mice ovaries in comparison with control (normal saline). A clear effect in increasing mitotic activity was reveled for both doses in comparison with control. Results also showed a significant increase in the value of all immunological parameters at both doses, in comparison with control. Also, obvious raise was se

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Evaluation the Effect of 805 nm Wavelength Diode Laser on Repair of Mandibular Bone Repair and Skin Incisions in Rabbits
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The long healing time of bone after tooth extraction in order to construct artificial teeth is uncomfortable to the patient because of aesthetic or masticatory problems in addition to the daily visit to dental clinic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 805 nm diode laser with long time intervals on repair of bone and skin incisions in rabbits through biochemical, radiological and histological findings. Eighteen New-Zealand rabbits were undergone surgical operations to make a cavity in the bone of the lower jaw, the rabbits were divided into two groups:- Group A (control group) containing nine rabbits. Group B (lased group) containing nine rabbits in which two cavities were done, one on the right side and the other

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract from Curcuma Longa on Some Parameters of Cytogenetic, Immunity and Fertility in Female Mice
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The research work was conducted to investigate the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of turmeric at doses of (5, 10) mg/kg body weight for two weeks daily by determining the genotoxic effect (mitotic index), evaluation of immunological effect (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4) and measuring fertility hormones (follicles stimulation hormone/FSH, lutenising hormone/LH) levels with histological examinations of female albino swiss mice ovaries in comparison with control (normal saline). A clear effect in increasing mitotic activity was reveled for both doses in comparison with control. Results also showed a significant increase in the value of all immunological parameters at both doses, in comparison with control. Also, obvious rais

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 25 2025
Journal Name
Iraq Acadmic Journals
The effect of an educational program using the Polya strategy on probing thinking and the application of some defensive formations in handball for students
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Browse Iraqi academic journals and research papers

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of deficiencies in the standards and tools used for the management of the banking system in the emergence of the financial crisis by focusing on the Basel 1and 2
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The banking industry, as a result of the great challenges it faced, required continuous development of the principles of management, control and mechanisms used. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has played a leading role in legalizing many of these developments and has been able to contribute significantly to establishing a common framework for banking supervision, The central role in the various countries of the world is based on coordination between the various regulatory authorities and thinking about finding mechanisms to confront the risks faced by banks, recognizing the importance of the banking sector in the stability of domestic and international banking systems or the danger of this sector in the emergence of F

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Electrospinning Parameters on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of PAN-based Nanofibers Membrane
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The electrospun nanofibers membranes (ENMs) have gained great attention due to their superior performance. However, the low mechanical strength of ENMs, such as the rigidity and low strength, limits their applications in many aspects which need adequate strength, such as water filtration. This work investigates the impact of electrospinning parameters on the properties of ENMs fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solved in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). The studied electrospinning parameters were polymer concentration, solution flow rate, collector rotating speed, and the distance between the needle and collector. The fabricated ENMs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface morphology and es

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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the effect of temperature and treating time on some physical properties of carbon black
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Samples prepared by using carbon black as a filler material and phenolic resin as a binder. The samples were pressed in a (3) cm diameter cylindrical die to (250)MPa and treated thermally within temperature range of (600-1000)oC for two and three hours. Physical properties tests were performed, like density, porosity, and X-ray tests. Moreover vicker microhardness and electric resistivity tests were done. From the results, it can be concluded that density was increased while porosity was decreased gradually with increasing temperature and treating time. In microhardness test, it found that more temperature and treating time cause more hardness. Finally the resistivity was decreased in steps with temperature and treating time. It can be c

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Al2O3 Particles and Precipitation Hardening on the Properties of Cast 332 Aluminum Alloy
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In this work, 332 Al alloy was prepared and reinforced with (0.5% and 1%) nano-Al2O3 particles. The prepared unreinforced and reinforced 332 Al alloy with nano-Al2O3 were solution heat treated (T6) at 510 ̊C and aged at 225 ̊C with different times (1, 3, and 5 h). Hardness test was performed on all the prepared alloys. All prepared alloys were dry slided under different applied loads (5, 10, 15, and 20 N) against steel counterface surface using pin on disk apparatus. The results showed that refinement effect was observed after addition of nano-Al2O3 particles and a change in silicon morphology after performing the solution heat treatment. The results also showed that har

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